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Thorax 1
Thorax 1
37
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
12/13/2016

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Cards

Term
Which animals have a clavicle?
Definition
animals whose forelimbs are only for locomotion do not (e.g. horse, cow)

animals who use their forelimbs for clawing, prehension do have a clavicle (e.g. cat)

carnivores have a vestigeal clavicle that doesn't articulate with the sternum or scapula (e.g. wolfhounds)
Term
Most external thoracic muscle
Definition
cutaneous trunci
Term
____ intercostal muscles assist with inspiration while _____ intercostals help with expiration
Definition
external

internal
Term
What does the transversus thoracis do?
Definition
pulls costal cartilages in & helps with expiration
Term
What are the ILS muscles?
Definition
iliocostalis thoracis
longissimus
spinalis thoracis
Term
Nervous supply to the skin of the thoracic wall is provided by...
Definition
dorsal & lateral cutaneous nerves
Term
Deeper structures (e.g. muscles) of the thorax are innervated by...
Definition
lateral thoracic nerve
Term
The brachiocephalicus runs from...
Definition
armpit to head
Term
What are the levator costae muscles?
Definition
run from trip of transverse processes of vertebra to the upper aspect of the associated rib
Term
What are the pectoral muscles?
Definition
transverse pectoral
descending pectoral
ascending pectoral
Term
The costal parietal pleura is lined internally by the..
Definition
costal parietal pleura
Term
The diaphragm is covered by the...
Definition
diaphragmatic parietal pleura
Term
Lobes the of right ling
Definition
cranial, middle, caudal & accessory

*in the cow the right lobe has cranial & caudal parts
Term
Blood from the thoracic cavity is returned to the heart through the..
Definition
azygous vein
Term
True or False

Ruminants have a pair of azygous veins
Definition
true
Term
What is the line of pleural reflection?
Definition
the point where the pleura turn back on itself and extends beyond the surface of the lungs
Term
What is the costodiaphraghmatic recess?
Definition
region within the thoracic cavity 'beyond' the lungs, 7th & 8th intercostal space

-can safely do pleurocentesis here
Term
Regions of the diapraghm
Definition
right crura
left crura
central tendon
sternal part
right costal part
left costal part
Term
What is the thoracic duct?
Definition
vessel bringing lymph from the abdominal cavity to thoracic cavity to the heart
Term
The ______ nerve innervates the diapraghm
Definition
phrenic
Term
What portion of the body is the vagosympathetic trunk found?
Definition
in the neck

they separate and become the vagus & sypathetic trunk at the thoracic inlet
Term
What muscle covers the 'gap' the the incomplete cartilagenous rings of the trachea?
Definition
trachealis
Term
What are the lobes of the left lung?
Definition
cranial lobe (with cranial & caudal parts)
caudal lobe

*in the horse the left cranial lobe does not have 'parts'
Term
The vein running from the lungs to the left atrium is the...
Definition
pulmonary vein
Term
The vein running from the right ventricle to the lungs is the...
Definition
pulmonary artery
Term
Nutritional blood supply to the lungs is the...
Definition
bronchoespohageal artery
Term
The most cranial region of the trachea attaches to the....
Definition
cricoid cartilage
Term
How does the branching off the aortic arch differ between horses & dogs?
Definition
in horses the left subclavian branches off of the brachiocephalic trunk

in dogs the left subclavian comes off of the aortic arch, after the brachiocephalic trunk
Term
What are the 3 layers of the pericardium?
Definition
fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium
Term
Between the pericardial layers you will find _______ which keeps the heart moist and reduces friction
Definition
liquor pericardi
Term
What ligaments keep the heart in place?
Definition
sternopericardiac ligament
-between pericardium & sternum

phrenopericardial ligament
-between heart & diaphragm
Term
What do auricles of the heart do?
Definition
-reduce turbulence of blood flow, the pectinate muscles of the auricles absorb the 'shock'
Term
Where is the moderator band found? Why don't both sides of the heart have moderator bands?
Definition
between septum & outer wall of right ventricle

left ventricle has a thick muscular wall, well protected whereas the right ventricular wall is thin and can't tolerate too much distension
Term
What type of valves regulate flow of blood into the aorta & pulmonary trunk?
Definition
semilunar valves
Term
What type of valves regulate flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Definition
tricuspid
Term
What type of valves regulate flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
Definition
bicuspid/mitral
Term
The ______ sinus is found in the right atrium
Definition
coronary
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