Term
| what are apophyseal facets |
|
Definition
| superior/inferior articular facets. |
|
|
Term
| how many costal facets does one thoracic vertebrae have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe projection of spinous processes T1-T3 |
|
Definition
| project directly backwards. Equal to the same level of transverse process |
|
|
Term
| describe projection of spinous processes T4-T6 |
|
Definition
| project a half a vertebrae below the one they are attached to |
|
|
Term
| describe projection of spinous processes T7-T9 |
|
Definition
| project a full vertebrae below the one they're attached to |
|
|
Term
| describe projection of spinous processes T10-T12 |
|
Definition
| project directly backwards. Equal to the same level of transverse process |
|
|
Term
| are the superior articular facets of T spine vertebrae convex or concave |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what direction do the T spine vertebrae superior articular facets face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the T spine vertebrae, are the superior articular facets or inferior articular facets more medial |
|
Definition
| inferior articular facets are more medial |
|
|
Term
| are inferior articular facets in T spine vertebrae convex or concave |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what direction do the T spine vertebrae inferior articular facets face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the angle of spinous processes in the T spine |
|
Definition
| about 60 deg up from horizontal |
|
|
Term
| what is the angle of the superior articular facet of T1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the alignment of the inferior articular facet of T12? |
|
Definition
| faces laterally and anteriorly, lined up more in sagittal plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| add stability and rigidity to thoracic spine; protect internal organs |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 joints of the ribs |
|
Definition
| costotransverse, costoverterbal, sternocostal |
|
|
Term
| which ribs articulate with just one vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ribs articulate with 2 vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes true ribs true ribs |
|
Definition
| they articulate with the sternum directly |
|
|
Term
| which ribs are false ribs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes false ribs false ribs |
|
Definition
| articulate with costal cartilage of rib above |
|
|
Term
| what do we call ribs 11-12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do we call ribs 11-12 floating ribs |
|
Definition
| they don't attach to sternum or costal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what does the radiate ligament do |
|
Definition
| attaches ribs to vertebrae and discs |
|
|
Term
| how many vertebrae do most ribs attach to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do ribs 10, 11, 12 attach to 2 vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do ribs 10, 11, 12 attach t |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the costotransverse ligament do |
|
Definition
| attach transverse process and posterior neck of rib |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior costotransverse ligament do |
|
Definition
| attaches inferior border of transverse process to superior border of neck of underlying rib |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 ligaments of the thoracic spine |
|
Definition
| anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, supraspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum |
|
|
Term
| what is the effect of motion of ribs 1-6 |
|
Definition
| increase anterior-posterior dimensions of chest by rotating along their long axes |
|
|
Term
| what do ribs 1-6 do in inspiration |
|
Definition
| ribs are pulled up and forward. |
|
|
Term
| what accompanies elevation of ribs 1-6 in inspiration |
|
Definition
| elevation of the manubrium |
|
|
Term
| what do we call the movement of ribs 1-6 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do we call the action of ribs 7-10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the effect of motion of ribs 7-10 |
|
Definition
| increase in lateral/transverse dimension |
|
|
Term
| what is the movement of ribs 7-10 |
|
Definition
| ribs move upward, backward, and medially |
|
|
Term
| what do we call the action of ribs 11-12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the motion of ribs 11-12 |
|
Definition
| move laterally to increase lateral diameter |
|
|
Term
| which muscles flex the thoracic spine |
|
Definition
| rectus abdominis, obliques (internal, external) |
|
|
Term
| which muscles extend the thoracic stand |
|
Definition
| iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinalis |
|
|
Term
| which muscles rotate and sidebend the thoracic spine ipsilaterally |
|
Definition
| iliocostalis, longissimus, intertransverse, internal oblique |
|
|
Term
| which muscles sidebend and rotate the thoracic spine contralaterally |
|
Definition
| semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, external oblique, transverse abdominis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral deformity of the spine |
|
|
Term
| how much curve must there be on an xray to be determined scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the convexity if you have right scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does it look like to have right scoliosis |
|
Definition
| convex to the right, rotation to the right, posterior rib hump on the right |
|
|
Term
| how do you tell if it's structural scoliosis |
|
Definition
| does not straighten during forward bending or sidebending into the convexity |
|
|
Term
| will they have a posterior hip hump when they flex forward if they have functional scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| will they have a posterior hip hump when they flex forward if they have structural scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| will they have a posterior hip hump when they flex forward if they have acute scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes functional scoliosis |
|
Definition
| muscle imbalance, bad posture, leg length descrepancy, |
|
|
Term
| what causes acute scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are causes of scoliosis |
|
Definition
| congenital, neuromuscular, syndrome-related, idiopathic, curvature due to secondary reasons |
|
|
Term
| what is congenital scoliosis |
|
Definition
| malformed vertebrae, such as an extra half of a vertebrae wedged in there. |
|
|
Term
| what is common with congenital abnormalities causing scoliosis |
|
Definition
| abnormalities in organ systems developing at the same time |
|
|
Term
| what are neuromuscular causes of scoliosis |
|
Definition
| cp, charcot marie tooth disease, polio, muscular dystrophy, paralysis |
|
|
Term
| what are syndrome related causes of scoliosis |
|
Definition
| marfan syndrome, ehlers-danlos syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what are causes of scoliosis that is curvature from secondary causes |
|
Definition
| spinal infection, tumor, lateral shift from lumbar disc herniation |
|
|
Term
| is a 10 degree scoliosis curvature more common in boys or girls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a 30 degree scoliosis curvature more common in boys or girls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a 10 degree or a 30 degree curvature more common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do you want to know when examining someone with scoliosis |
|
Definition
| is it structural or functional/can you fix it, or do you have to work with it? |
|
|
Term
| scoliosis key examination concepts |
|
Definition
| age of onset, gait assessment, skin inspection, neurological examination, posture, forward bending test |
|
|
Term
| what to look for in posture of someone with scoliosis |
|
Definition
| shoulder and iliac crest height |
|
|
Term
| what to look for in neurological exam of someone with scoliosis |
|
Definition
| motor, sensory, abdominal reflexes |
|
|
Term
| what do MDs base scoliosis treatment on |
|
Definition
| type of scoliosis, magnitude of curve, number of years of growth remaining |
|
|
Term
| MD treatment of scoliosis |
|
Definition
| observation, bracing, surgery |
|
|
Term
| what are PT treatments of scoliosis |
|
Definition
| stretch, strengthen, orthotics, manual therapy |
|
|
Term
| how to stretch someone with soliosis |
|
Definition
| stretch in both directions, but start and finish in the tighter side |
|
|
Term
| how to strengthen someone with soliosis |
|
Definition
| strengthen in both directions, but start and finish in the weaker side |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of structural kyphosis and thoracic back pain in adolescents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is scheuermannn's disease |
|
Definition
| angular kyphosis with apex in thoracic or thoracolumbar spine |
|
|
Term
| what causes scheuermann's disease |
|
Definition
| reduced anterior vertebral growth |
|
|
Term
| what are the results of reduced anterior vertebral growth in scheuermann's disease |
|
Definition
| vertebral body wedging cause by anterior compression and normal width posteriorly; vertebral end plate irregularities; early disc degeneration because of posterior disc pressure caused by anterior disc wedging |
|
|
Term
| where would a person with scheuermann's disease be tight |
|
Definition
| pec minor, anterior shoulder capsule from kyphosis; suboccipitals from forward head posture; hamstrings from trunk hyperextension |
|
|
Term
| where would a person with scheuermann's disease have lengthening and weakness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is the onset of scheuermann's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are PT treatments of scheuermann's disease |
|
Definition
| exercises focusing on trunk flexibility; stretching hamstrings and pecs; strengthening abs |
|
|
Term
| when would you brace someone with scheuermann's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does the brace need to stay on for someone with scheuermann's |
|
Definition
| 20 hours/day for 1-1.5 years |
|
|
Term
| what will happen if you don't do anything for scheuermann's |
|
Definition
| structural scoliosis that goes with it will worsen |
|
|
Term
| what are causes of thoracic hypomobility |
|
Definition
| poor posture, poor extension muscle tone, apophyseal joint capsule fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| what are treatments for thoracic hypomobility |
|
Definition
| joint mobilization, postural re-education, stretching, strengthening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of costochondral junctions of ribs or chondrosternal joints of anterior chest wall |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 other terms for costochondritis |
|
Definition
| costosternal syndrome, parasternal chondrodynia, anterior chest wall syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what does a person with costochondritis present with |
|
Definition
| chest pain, hurts to breathe, tender palpation right on the rib, hurts to raise arms, exertion hurts |
|
|
Term
| what to do if someone comes in with costochondritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to treat costochondritis |
|
Definition
| ultrasound, manual therapy, kinesiotaping |
|
|
Term
| how common is costochondritis in patients with acute chest pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does costochondritis appear in children or adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ribs usually hurt with costochondritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what to do in examination of costochondritis |
|
Definition
| history, palpation, deep breathing, AROM upper extremities |
|
|
Term
| is there usually swelling in costochondritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you do a PA on thoracic spinous process in someone with costochondritis, where will it hurt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are differential diagnoses for costochondritis |
|
Definition
| osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, tietze syndrome, herpes zoster of thorax |
|
|
Term
| how to know if someone has osteoarthritis instead of costochondritis |
|
Definition
| evidence of joint sclerosis on radiograph |
|
|
Term
| how to know if someone has fibromyalgia instead of costochondritis |
|
Definition
| multiple tender points, widespread pain, more posterior pain |
|
|
Term
| how to know if someone has tietze syndrome instead of costochondritis |
|
Definition
| single tender and swollen costochondral junction, usually rib 2 or 3 |
|
|
Term
| how to know if someone has herpes zoster of thorax |
|
Definition
| clusters of vessicles on red bases that follow 1 or 2 dermatomes and do not cross midline |
|
|
Term
| how do MDs treat costochondritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does visceral pain feel like |
|
Definition
| vague, dull, indiscrete (can't touch the pain, can't reproduce it) |
|
|
Term
| why to check skin for someone with thoracic problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a sign of disc lesion for thoracic |
|
Definition
| paraesthesia or increased pain with cough, sneeze, or valsalva; decreased pain lying down |
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of thoracic spine eval |
|
Definition
| history, posture observation, AROM, PROM, Resisted ROM, slump test, palpate T spine, palpate ribs |
|
|
Term
| what type of PROM do you do in T spine |
|
Definition
| PPIVM = Passive Physiologic Intervertebral Motion |
|
|
Term
| what does PPIVM stand for |
|
Definition
| passive physiologic intervertebral motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PT moves patient passively in flex/ext/sidebend/rotation and puts fingers in spaces of spinous processes to feel the movement |
|
|
Term
| what does PAIVM stand for |
|
Definition
| passive accessory intervertebral motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accessory glides of vertebrae: central/unilateral PA, transverse mobs |
|
|
Term
| what rib palpations should you do in T spine eval |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what to test in thoracic spine AROM |
|
Definition
| observe flex/ext/sidebend/rotation |
|
|
Term
| for which spinous processes do you PPIVM by tilting head with your hand |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for which spinous processes do you PPIVM by supporting pt's arms with their hands behind their head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are thoracic spine treatment ideas |
|
Definition
| stretching, joint mobilization, strengthening, modalities, taping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lie supine on foam roller, lie supine w foam roll perpendicular to spine, seated rotation stretch |
|
|
Term
| time/reps for seated rotation stretch of T spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what to do rotational PAIVM for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some scapular stabilizatino exercises |
|
Definition
|
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