Term
1. paired kidneys
2. paired ureters
3. one urinary bladder
4. one urethra |
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Definition
| what are the 4 parts of the urinary system? |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the urinary system that produces urine, which is then modified by selective reabsorption and specific secretion by cells of the this structure |
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Term
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Definition
| transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| leads from the bladder to the exterior of the body |
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Term
1. regulation of blood ionic composition
2. regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
3. regulation of blood pH
4. conservation of valuable nutrients
5. production and secretion of hormones (endocrine function)
6. assisting the liver in detoxification of poisons
7. elimination of organic waste products and foreign substances |
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Definition
| what are the 7 functions of the kidneys? |
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Term
1. ammonia*
2. urea*
3. bilirubin*
4. creatine*
5. uric acid*
6. foreign substances from diet such as drugs and environmental toxins
* = nitrogenous wastes (wastes that are produced from metabolic reactions in the body) |
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Definition
| what are the 6 products in which the kidneys are responsible for eliminating from body? |
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Term
| yes; because the liver is located above the right kidney |
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Definition
| are the kidneys in a retroperiteneal position? Why is the right kidney more inferior than the left? |
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Term
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Definition
| where the vessels and other structures enter and exit the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| just past the hilum of the kidney is an internal space called the __________, which is filled with loose connective tissue and adipose tissue, along with part of the renal pelvis, the calyces, and branches of the blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| the kidneys surface is covered by a connective tissue capsule called the ___________? |
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Term
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Definition
| in between the renal sinus and renal capsule (functional part of the orgin-makes urine) |
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Term
1) renal cortex (superficial (outer) area)
2) renal medulla (deeper (inner) area) |
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Definition
| what are the 2 divisions of the parenchyma? |
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Term
1. renal pyramids
-6-18 distinct conical or triangular structures; the apex is the renal papilla; the tip of the papilla is perforated by papillary ducts (anything that drips out of the renal papilla is urine and will not be able to bring it back into the body)
2. renal columns |
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Definition
| what are the 2 parts of the renal medulla? |
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Term
| descending abdominal aorta->renal artery->afferent arterioles (bringing blood to glomerulis)->glomerular capillaries(ultrafiltrate is produced here (150-180 liters of fluid)->efferent arterioles(drain blood away from glomerular capillaries-anything that doesn't filter out of glomerular capillaries goes to the efferent arterioles)-->peritubular capillaries(where we can absorb 99% of that filtrate)->renal vein |
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Definition
| Kidney's path of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| a fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney |
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Term
1) renal corpuscle (where glomerular filtration takes place)
2) renal tubule (reabsorption back into blood stream but can also put things in blood to urine) |
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Definition
| what are the two parts of the nephron? |
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Term
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Definition
| where in a nephron does glomerular filtration occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| where in a nephron does tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occur? |
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Term
| 1 to 2 liters a day- more than 99% of filtrate is going back into bloodstream for reabsorption |
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Definition
| how much urine do we produce a day? |
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Term
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Definition
| what percent of blood do we receive from the resting cardiac output from the systemic circuit (1200ml of blood per minute-1.2 liters) |
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Term
1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion |
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Definition
| for urine to be produced, the nephrons perform three process |
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Term
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Definition
| first step of producing urine; water and most solutes in blood plasma move from the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular (i.e. Bowman's) capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for glomerular capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| a step for urine to be produced; filtered fluid then moves through the renal tubules; the tubule cell reabsorb ~99% of filtered water and many solutes; these items return to the blood at the peritubular capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| a step of producing urine; the tubule cells can remove additional substances (ex. Wastes, drugs, and excessive ions) from the blood in the peritubular capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| where is the renal corpuscle of a nephron located at? |
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Term
1) glomerulus
2) bowman's capsule (glomerular capsule)--RBCs do not cross! |
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Definition
| what are the two components of a renal corpuscle? |
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Term
| afferent arterioles and efferent arterioles |
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Definition
| what are the glomerular capillaries supplied and drained by? |
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Term
| Bowman's capsule (glomerular capsule) |
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Definition
| a double-walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| blood flowing through the capillary loops undergoes filtration to produce glomerular ultrafiltrate which is collected where? |
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Term
| proximal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| the ultrafiltrate that is collected in the bowman's capsule drains into where?, which is the first part of the renal tubule (RBCs are drained through efferent arterioles) |
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Term
1. proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
2. loop of henle (nephron loop)
3. distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
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Definition
| what are the 3 components of the renal tubule? |
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Term
| proximal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| part of the renal tubule that attaches to the glomerular capsule; highly coiled tube; lies within the renal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the renal tubule and comes after the proximal convoluted tubule; extends from the renal cortex into the renal medulla, turns, and returns to cortex. |
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Term
1) the descending limb of the loop of henle
2) ascending limb of the loop of henle |
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Definition
| what are the two parts of the loop of henle? |
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Term
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Definition
| the last part of the renal tubule; highly coiled tube; lies within the renal cortex; the distal convoluted tubules from several nephrons empty into a single collecting duct |
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Term
| proximal convoluted tubule->descending limb of the loop of henle->ascending limb of the loop of henle->distal convoluted tubule->several collected ducts unite into large papillary ducts->minor calyx->major calyx->renal pelvis->ureter->urinary bladder->urethra-> to toilet |
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Definition
| what is the pathway of urine from the renal tubule? |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscular tube about 10-12 inches in length; through peristalsis of the smooth muscle in its wall, it propels urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder; paired; retroperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
| a hollow, distensible, muscular organ located in the pelvis just posterior to the pubic symphysis in both males and females; in males the ____________ is directly anterior to the rectum, while in females the __________ is directly anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus; it stores urine; average capacity is 700-800 mL |
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Term
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Definition
| a tubular structure for the passage of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body; the _______ will be short in females (3 to 5 cm) and long in males (20cm) |
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