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| intestine (usually small intestine) |
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| hardening; sclera (white of eye) |
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| forming an opening (mouth) |
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| abnormal condition (produced by something specified) |
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| abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells) |
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| prolapse, downward displacement |
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| above; excessive; superior |
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| increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine |
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| increased formation and secretion of urine |
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| painful or difficult urination, sympotomatic of cystitis and other urinary tract conditions |
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| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
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| kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood and, ultimately, requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; AKA: chronic renal failure (CRF) |
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| involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; AKA: bed-wetting at night or nocturnal enuresis |
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| abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis |
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| condition associated with the pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agent, such as a drug or chemical, which results in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function |
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| high blood pressure that results from kidney disease |
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| elevated level or urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, as occurs in renal failure; AKA: azotemia |
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| malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5 |
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| laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidney’s ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in the urine |
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| radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part |
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| kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) |
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| radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
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| radiographic study of the kidney, ureters, and usually the bladder after injection of a contrast agent |
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| intravenous pyelography (IVP) |
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| radiographic imagine in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract; AKA: intravenous urography (IVU) or excretory urography (EU) |
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| retrograde pyelography (RP) |
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| radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters using small-caliber catheters |
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| nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance that is injected intravenously and concentrates in the kidney |
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| physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of urine |
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| voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) |
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| radiography of the bladder and urethra after filling the bladder with a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine |
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| insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly, through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine |
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| mechanical filtering process used to cleanse blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly |
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| process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting (diverting) the patient’s blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering, and then returning the clean blood to the patient’s body via tubes connected to the circulatory system |
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| dialysis in which the patient’s own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane |
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| organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; AKA: kidney transplantation |
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