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| German actress, director and dancer, gained the attention of Hitler who believed she was the "perfect German woman." She became Hitler's film director, contributing to Nazi propaganda. (Triumph of Will) Her success dwindled after Germany lost WWII. |
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| Foreign minister of Germany 38-45. Appointed to ambassador of London, where he tried to persuade the country's leaders not to get involved with Germany's territorial disputes. Arrested and charged with war crimes after WWII. |
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| Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of Italy and leading figure of fascism. Rose to dictatorship in Italy and joined Germany and Japan in the axis. Invaded Greece, but needed Hitler to help him out. |
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| German for "living space." Major political ideology of Hitler. Idea was meant to perpetuate Germany's expansion and justified invasion of other countries. |
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| Key figure in German ideologies such as Lebensraum and the persecution of the Jews. He rejected Christianity and was prominent in the dissolving of the Treaty of Versailles. Hanged for war crimes in Nuremberg. |
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| Austrian statesman. In 1933, he banned the Austrian Nazi Party and assumed the role of dictator. He was killed in a Nazi coup but his regime maintained power through the Stresa Front until Germany annexed Austria in 1938. |
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| "Night of Broken Glass." Series of attacks against Jews and Jewish establishments throughout Germany on Nov 9-10, 1938. Around 1700 synagogues destroyed, 91 Jews killed and 30,000 Jewish men sent to concentration camps. |
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| Chancellor of Austria (34-38) after Dollfuss. He opposed Hitler's ambitions to absorb Austria into the Third Reich. He eventually resigned when he learned he could not win. When Germany invaded, he was arrested and sent to a concentration camp. |
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| Wife of Alfred Stern and daughter of US ambassador to Germany William Dodd. The couple furnished information to USSR from before WWII to the Cold War. She was involved with Hitler and respected Nazis until the Rohm Putsch when she changed her views on the Nazis. |
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| Lawyer and Nazi official from Austria. He was appointed to Chancellor of Austria after Schuschnigg admitted defeat to the Nazis. After Germany annexed Austria, he become official in the Third Reich. Hung for war crimes in Nuremberg. |
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| Unit composed of German Air Force and Army volunteers which served with Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War. The unit developed methods of terror bombing, similar to the bombing of Guernica, that would be employed in World War II. |
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| Anti-Nazi German and Lutheran pastor. He was a national conservative and initially a supporter of Hitler, but he opposed the Nazi Aryan ideals and was against the nazification of Protestant churches. Imprisoned in Dachu concentration camp and nearly executed, but regretted not doing more to stop Nazis. |
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| Austrian automotive engineer, created first hybrid gas-electric vehicle. Also created Volkswagen Beetle, Mercedes-Benz SS, and many of the first Porsche vehicles. Made a number of contributions to German tank designs. Awarded German National Prize for Art and Science, one of Nazi's rarest decorations. |
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| Active in Weimar Republic, vehemently opposed German reparation obligations after WWI. Originally supporter of Hitler and Nazis, got into disagreements with Hitler and took no role in WWII. He took part in 20 July plot to kill Hitler, and was imprisoned. Found not guilty at Nuremberg trials. |
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| German Nazi concentration camp founded in Ettersberg, near Etter Mountain. One of the first and largest concentration camps. Prisoners from all over Europe and Russia worked in forced-labor armament factories. Used by USSR as an internment camp. |
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| Germany General and Chief of German General Staff during early Nazi years leading up to WWII. Originally a Nazi supporter, he eventually opposed Hitler and was involved with his assassination attempt. When the attempt failed, he committed suicide with a pistol. |
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| Soldier before Hitler seized power. Became one of Hitler's most empathetic supporters and eventually became Minister of Defense under Hitler. Took role in the purging of the SA. Resigned after his young bride was found in porn. |
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| A Luftwafa airplane with a single, liquid-cooled Mercedes V12 engine. It had wide wings and flew extremely fast and maneuverable. |
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| Summer of a Nov 5, 1937 meeting between Hitler and his leadership in regards to Hitler's expansion policies. Marked Hitler's desire to expand into Europe, and also marked the point when his policies began to be radical. |
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| State-controlled leisure organization in Nazi Germany. Set up as a tool to promote National Socialism, tried to blur the social classes by offering middle class leisure to the masses. |
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| Concnetration camp located in northern Germany, about 90km north of Berlin near the village of Ravensbruck. Himmler began construction of camp in late 1938. It was a camp made primarily for women. 130,000 women held here, only 15-32,000 survived. |
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| Spanish General, Head of State and de facto regent of Spain until 1945. Member of Spanish Nationalists during civil war, fought alongside Nazi Condor Legion. |
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| French city where the British Expeditionary Forces army fled after being encircled by German troops. British troops could have been decimated there, but the Germans halted the attack. |
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| German manufacturer of civil and military aircraft before and during WWII. Produced many fighter aircrafts for Nazi Germany. |
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| Nazi who worked close with Hitler and Himmler and played an influential role in the Holocaust. Helped organize Gestapo with Hitler. Assassinated by British in Czechoslovakia, which pissed Hitler off. Hitler then killed 10,000 Czechs, all Jews. |
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| Norwegian politician, when Germany invaded Norway in 1940, he seized power in a Nazi-backed coup. As minister, he worked with the occupying forces. |
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| Polish city on the Baltic coast. Jewish population fled after Kristallnacht. Only around 600 Jews remained in Danzig in 1941, who were later murdered in the Holocaust. |
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| German General and head of Army General Staff 1938-1942 until dismissed for frequent disagreements with Hitler. Planned and prepared for the Invasion of Poland and played a large role in other invasion/expansion plans. |
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| German "euthanasia" program where physicians killed thousands of "incurably sick" people. Killed 275,000 people in total. 200,000 mentally and physically handicapped people in gas chambers 39-45. |
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| Second largest ghetto after Warsaw, established for Jews and Roma in Nazi-occupied Poland. 1944, remaining population in ghetto was sent to Nazi extermination camps. |
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| Spa and resort town in France and de facto capital of VIchy France, who sided with the Axis powers during German occupation from 1940-1944. |
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| Poland, home of the Katyn Massacre, a mass execution of Polish people carried out by NKVD (USSR secret police). 22,000 Polish prisoners executed, mostly men. |
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| German field marshall and de facto war minister, one of the most senior Nazi leaders during WWII. Sentenced to death and hanged at Nuremberg for war crimes. |
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| Nazi official, served as Reich Minister for Economic Affairs in Nazi Germany. Replaced Schacht as president of Reichsbank in 1939. Tried at Nuremberg. |
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| Hitler's favorite architect and close friend, and Minister of Armaments from 1942 until the end of the war. In this capacity, he was ultimately responsible for the use of slave laborers from the occupied territories in armaments production. Expressed repentance. |
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| German businessman who was an intimate of Hitler's before defecting. Participated in Beer Hall Putsch, confidant of Hitler's. Eventually worked for FDR. |
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| In 1933, German concentration camp east of the city and operated until 1945. Became prototype for other camps, around 25,600 murdered there. |
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| German engineer and senior Nazi figure. Prominent soldier and founder of Organization Todt, Third Reich civil and military engineering corps. Died in plane crash after meeting with Hitler. |
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| Leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the second President of Czechoslovakia. He opposed Nazi Germany's claim to the German-speaking so-called Sudetenland in 1938. Eventually forced to resign. |
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| Naval leader in Germany before and during World War II. Resigned in 1943 after being leader of Navy. He was sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg Trials, but was later released. |
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