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The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
UCCS Bio 2010 Lykins- Lab Practical 4, Ex. 19
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2013

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Term
Where does the spinal cord terminate, and what is the special name for that?
Definition
L1 or L2, conus medullaris
Term
The dura and arachnoid mater extend to _____.
Definition
S2
Term
filum terminale
Definition
a fibrous extension of the pia mater the extends into the coccygeal canal to attach to the posterior coccyx
Term
cauda equina
Definition
the collection of spinal nerves emerging from the end of the spinal cord
Term
projections/parts of the gray matter of the spinal cord
Definition
dorsal horns (posterior), lateral horns, ventral horns (anterior), and the gray commisure
Term
Where are lateral horns found?
Definition
in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the cord
Term
The dorsal horns contain _____ and _____.
Definition
interneurons and sensory fibers
Term
dorsal root ganglion
Definition
cell bodies of sensory neurons that make up an enlarged part of the dorsal root just medial to the spinal nerve
Term
The ventral horns contain _____.
Definition
cell bodies of motor neurons of the somatic nervous system
Term
The spinal nerves are _____ nerves because _____.
Definition
mixed nerves, they contain both sensory and motor fibers
Term
The white matter of the spinal cord is almost bisected by _____.
Definition
the ventral median fissure and the dorsal median sulcus
Term
The white matter is composed of _____.
Definition
myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers
Term
The white matter is divided into _____, which are called _____.
Definition
white columns; dorsal, ventral, and lateral funiculi
Term
Each funiculi is composed of _____.
Definition
a number of fiber tracts composed of axons of the same origin, terminus, and function
Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have?
Definition
31
Term
What are the pairs of spinal nerves of each section of the vertebral column?
Definition
8 cervical (C1-C8), 12 thoracic (T1-T12), 5 lumbar (L1-L5), 5 sacral (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal (Co1)
Term
Why are the cervical nerves named for the vertebra below, and the rest of the spinal nerves are named for the vertebra above?
Definition
the first cervical nerve leaves the canal b/w the base of the occupital bone and the atlas, so there are 8 cervical nerves
Term
Almost immediately after emerging, each nerve divides into _____.
Definition
dorsal and ventral rami
Term
nerve plexuses
Definition
complex networks of nerves formed from the ventral rami of spinal nerves
Term
peripheral nerves
Definition
fibers that have diverged from the plexuses; contain fibers from more than one spinal nerve
Term
the four major plexuses and their nerves
Definition
cervical (C1-C5), brachial (C5-T1), lumbar (L1-L4), sacral (L4-S4)
Term
Why is there no plexus from T2-T12?
Definition
the ventral rami pass anteriorly as intercostal nerves
Term
major nerve of the cervical plexus
Definition
phrenic - C3-C5; innervates diaphragm
Term
divisions of the brachial plexus
Definition
trunks (upper C5-C6, middle C7, lower C8-T1), divisions (anterior and posterior), cords (lateral, medial, posterior), and 5 major peripheral nerves
Term
What are the major peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus?
Definition
musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial, and axillary
Term
The lateral cord gives rise to _____, the medial cord _____, and the posterior cord _____.
Definition
musculocutaneous and median, median and ulnar, radial and axillary
Term
musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
innervates biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, and the skin on the anterolateral forearm
Term
median nerve
Definition
innervates palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, pronator muscles, intrinsic muscles of the lateral hand, and the skin of the lateral 2/3 of the hand
Term
ulnar nerve
Definition
innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus, most intrinsic muscles of the hand, and the skin of the medial 1/3 of the hand
Term
radial nerve
Definition
innervates triceps brachii, anconeus, supinator, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, and the skin of the posterolateral surface of the entire arm
Term
axillary nerve
Definition
innervates deltoid, teres minor, and the skin of the shoulder region
Term
largest nerve of the lumbar plexus and innervation
Definition
femoral nerve-innervates the anterior thigh muscles (quadriceps and sartorius)
Term
sacral plexus main nerve, branches, and innervations
Definition
sciatic-branches into the tibial nerve (innervates hamstrings, adductor magnus, tibialis posterior, popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, intrinsic muscles of the foot, and skin of posterior leg and sole of foot) and the common fibular nerve (innervates short head of biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, fibularis muscles, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum muscles, and skin of anterior and lateral leg and dorsum of foot)
Term
What is the largest nerve of the body?
Definition
sciatic
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