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| Spanish explorer who was the first of his time to arrive in the New World |
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| a frozen area that Native Americans crossed through to reach America |
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| these exchange of plants, animals, foods, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas |
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| a territory settled and controlled by a foreign power |
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| the powerful Spanish navy |
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| grants to settlers that allowed them to control Native Americans and use them for labor |
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| the first English explorer to the Americas who started a settlement on Roanoke Island, which shortly disappeared |
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| the first permanent English colony in the Americas, founded in 1607 |
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| a company comprised of a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king |
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| the joint-stock company that controlled Jamestown |
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| the captain in Jamestown who imposed harsh martial law |
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| a group of local tribes that taught the English in Jamestown how to plant crops |
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| Jamestown's cash crop, which gave them economic success |
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| the area around Jamestown |
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| a system in which indentured servants gained passage to the New World in exchange for several years of labor |
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| a promise of 50 acres granted to colonists to attract them to Virginia |
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| a political body in Virginia in which any property-holding, white male could vote |
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| an edict that provided for the tolerance of French Huguenots (Protestants); prevented a lot of French migration |
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| a religious movement that aimed to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholicism |
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| a group of Puritans who left England |
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| the settlement founded by Separatists in 1620 |
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| an agreement for the Plymouth colony which established a legal authority and an assembly; established "consent of the governed" |
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| a Pokanoket Indian who helped the Pilgrims (Separatists) in Plymouth |
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| a powerful colony established by Congregationalists (Puritans who wanted to reform the church from within) |
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| leader of Massachusetts Bay |
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| a minister in Massachusetts who taught separation of church and state and was subsequently banished |
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| a believer that faith and God's grace suffice for salvation; she was banished |
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| civil wars in English that were won by Puritans; for some time, there was little motivation for Puritans to move to the New World |
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| Connecticut's constitution; considered the first written constitution |
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| a properitary olony granted to Lord Baltimore |
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| a Maryland law that protected most Christians |
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| a royal gift to the king's borhter; was already occupied by the Dutch, who surrendered it peacefully and were allowed to stay |
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| a colony granted to William Penn, a Quaker; it was populated by Quakers |
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| a colony settled by Virginians |
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| a colony settled by the descendants of Barbados colonists |
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| middle leg of the triangular trade route between America, Europe, and Africa |
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| the exchange of goods between America, Europe, and Africa |
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| French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) |
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| a conflict between Britain and France over control of North America |
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| an economic theory of exporting more than importing; under this theory, Britain used colonies for resources and as a market |
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| forced colonists to buy and sell goods with England |
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| a system of regulating colonial commerce (as well as legislation) |
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| describes a legislature with two houses |
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| New England Confederation |
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| a minor attempt at a centralized colonial government; had no real power |
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| a rebellion of farmers against Virginia when they believed the government was neglecting them |
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| conflict between the Pokanoket Indians (whose leader was Metacomet, or "King Philip") and Massachusetts settlers |
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| a successful slave uprising in 1739 |
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| a series of trials in a witch craze in Salem, Massachusetts |
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| a religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s emphasizing to more emotional and spiritual church experiences |
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| a famous American who became a wealthy printer and intellectual |
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