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The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System Functional Anatomy
34
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/21/2010

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Cards

Term
What do the respiratory system organs oversee?
Definition
The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and their smaller branches and the lungs.
Term
In addition to gas exchange, what is teh important job of the passageways within teh respiratory system?
Definition
They purify, humidify, and warm incoming air.
Term
What are the external nares?
Definition
The nostrils
Term
What is the nasal cavity and nasal septum?
Definition

Nasal cavity-The interior of the nose

 

Nasal Septum-Division of the nasal cavity/midline

Term
What are three functions of respiratory mucosa?
Definition
Mucosa's glands moistens the air and traps incoming bacteria and other foreign debris.
Term
How come nosebleeds are common and profuse?
Definition
Due to the superficial location of blood vessels.
Term
Why do you have a runny nose on a crisp wintry day?
Definition
When the external temperature is extremely cold, cilia becomes sluggish, allowing mucus to accumulate in the nasal cavity and dribble out through the nostrils.
Term

What are two functions of conchae?

 

 

Definition
Increase the surface area of the mucosa exposed to air and increases the air turbulence in the nasal cavity.
Term
What two structures seperate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?
Definition
The palate.
Term
What is a cleft palate?
Definition
Genetic defect-failure of the bones forming the palate to fuse medially
Term
What are three functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Definition
Lighten the skull, and act as resonance chambers for speech.
Term
What is the difference between rhinitis and sinusitis?
Definition

Rhinitis-inflammation of the nasal mucosa

 

Sinusitis-inflamed sinuses

Term
What two functions does the pharynx perform?
Definition
Serves as a common passageway for food and air.
Term
What are the three divisions of the pharynx?
Definition
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx.
Term
What are the names and locations of the three different tonsils?
Definition

Pharyngeal-Located high in the nasopharynx

 

Palatine tonsils-located in the oropharynx and the end of the soft palate.

 

Lingual tonsils-Located at the base of the tongue.

Term
What problems do people encounter if they are mouth breathers?
Definition
Air in not properly moistened, warmed, or filtered before reaching the lungs.
Term
Name two functions of the larynx?
Definition
Routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech.
Term
Name the location and function of the thyroid cartilage and epiglotttis.
Definition

Thyroid Cartilage-produces anterioly and is often called the adam's apple

 

Epiglottis-Protects the superior opening of the larynx.

Term
What is another name for the windpipe?
Definition
Trachea
Term
What is the function of the cilia lining the trachea?
Definition
Propels mucus, loaded with dust particles and other debris away from lungs to the throat, where it can be swallowed or spat out.
Term
What are two functions of the C-shaped rings of cartilage in the trachea?
Definition

Allow esophagus to expand anterioly when we swallow a large piece of food.

 

Keeps it patent or open, in spite of the pressure changes that occur during breathing.

Term
Briefly describe the location and function of the primary bronchi.
Definition

The right and left Primary bronchi are formed by the division of the trachea.

 

It warms, cleans, and well humidified

Term
Where are the lungs located?
Definition
Occupy the entire thoracic cavity except for the most central area
Term
Briefly describe the location and function of the base and apex of the lungs?
Definition

The narrow superior portion of each lung, apex, is located just deep to the clavicle.

 

The broad lund area resting on the diaphragm is the base.

Term
What are pulmonary, or visceral and parietal pleura? What is the function of each pleura?
Definition
Term
What is the location and function of pleural fluid?
Definition
Term
What is pleurisy?
Definition
Term
What are bronchioles? Terminal bronchioles?
Definition
Term
What structures are located in the respiratory zone?
Definition
Term
What is the function of alveolar pores?
Definition
Term
What is the respiratory membrane? What is the function of the respiratory membrane?
Definition
The alvoelar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes construct the respiratory membrane, which  has gas flowing past on one side and blood flowing past on the other.
Term
What are two lines of defense for the respiratory system?
Definition
Alveoli
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