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The Reporductive System
EXAM 4
63
Anatomy
Not Applicable
04/13/2012

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Cards

Term
The _____ are where sperm cells and male sex hormones are formed.
Definition
testes
Term
The testes are held in a sac-like _____.
Definition
scrotum
Term
Why does the scrotum hold the testes outside of the body?
Definition
Because sperm production requires temperatures below normal body temp.
Term
Which testis usually hangs lower?
Definition
the left
Term
The mechanism to control testic temp involes the ______ ______.
Definition
cremaster muscles
Term
The spermatic cord contains the ____ ____.
Definition
vas deferens
Term
The cremaster muscles contract when the temp is ____.
Definition
cold
Term
The sperm cells are stored and matured in the _____.
Definition
epididymis
Term
How long is the coiled tube like structure inside of the epididymis?
Definition
18 ft
Term
Where does the vas deferens begin?
Definition
At the bottom of the epididymis where the tube takes a sharp turn
Term
Where does the vas deferens travel?
Definition
Thru the spermatic cord, to the abdominal cavity, over the urinary bladder, descends between bladder and rectum, then to the posterior surface of the prostate
Term
Where is the seminal vesicle located?
Definition
Behind the bladder and prostate
Term
The ____ _____ produces a thin fluid with a alkaline pH and concentration of fructose, about 60% of volume of semen.
Definition
seminal vesicles
Term
The seminal vesicle and vas deferens unite and form the ___ ____ ____.
Definition
short ejaculatory duct
Term
Bulbourethral glands
Definition
-size of peas
-below the prostate off the root of the penis
-secret a mucus liquid and they begin to secrete during sexual arousal, before ejaculation
Term
Why do the bulbourethral glands secrete before ejaculation?
Definition
To cleanse the urethra and lubricate
Term
Spermatogenesis occurs within the ___ ___ of the testes.
Definition
seminiferous tubes
Term
In the walls of seminiferous tubes what are the 2 cells?
Definition
spermatogonia and sertoli's cells
Term
Give rise to sperm cells
Definition
spermatogonia
Term
Protect and nourish the developing sperm cells
Definition
Sertoli's cells
Term
What cells produce androgens?
Definition
interstitial cells of Leydig
Term
Spermatogenesis begins at puberty in response to increasing levels of ____.
Definition
ICSH
Term
Testosterone causes the typical male secondary sex characteristics to develop:
Definition
-growth and enlargement of all the sex organs
-increased growth of body and facial hair
-poss decrease in head hair
-enlargement of the larynx
-thickening of the vocal cords
-thinkening of the dermis
Term
The hormone that actually stimulates spermatogenesis to occur is ___.
Definition
FSH
Term
mature sperm cells..
Definition
spermatozoa
Term
Head of the sperm cell, contains 23 chromosomes and very little cytoplasm
Definition
Pronucleus
Term
Embedded in the walls of the seminiferous tubules of the testes are haploid/diploid cells?
Definition
Diploid
Term
Spermatogonia
Definition
Diploid cells embedded in the walls of the seminiferous tubules (has 23 pairs of chromosomes)
Term
In response to FSH, spermatogonia undergo mitosis to produce a large number of diploid cells called ______ _______.
Definition
primary spermatocytes
Term
The primary spermatocytes undergo meiosos I and divide to produce 2 ______ _______.
Definition
secondary spermatocytes
Term
Haploid cells have how many chromosomes?
Definition
23
Term
After meiosis I, each chromosome still has 2 identical chromatids held together by a ________.
Definition
centromere
Term
Each secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II forming 4 _______.
Definition
spermatids
Term
What is the name for mature sperm cells?
Definition
Spermatozoa
Term
Maturation of sperm cells require what hormone?
Definition
testosterone
Term
As the sperm mature they leave the seminiferous tubules and travel to the _______.
Definition
epididymis
Term
Final maturation and storage of sperm occur in the _______.
Definition
epididymis
Term
Each diploid spermatocyte give rise to how many mature sperm cells?
Definition
4
Term
What is the cap-like of the head of the sperm called?
Definition
acrosome
Term
The acrosome contains what enzyme important for fertilization?
Definition
hyaluronidase
Term
The body of the sperm cell contains much of ________ and ________.
Definition
mitochondria and microtubules
Term
In the ovaries are a large number of cells called ______.
Definition
oogonia
Term
Oogonia undergo mitosis to form cells called _______ _______.
Definition
primary oocytes
Term
T/F a baby girl is born with all of the primary and secondary oocytes she will ever have?
Definition
False, a baby girl is born with ONLY all of the primary oocytes she will ever have.
Term
Prior to birth (baby girl), the primary oocytes begin meiosis I, at approx what stage do they get to when they "pause"
Definition
prophase
Term
When will a primary oocyte begin to mature?
Definition
When a girl reaches puberty
Term
A primary oocyte divides in to what?
Definition
A secondary oocyte and a first polar body
Term
At ~day 14 of the menstrual cycle there is an increase in what hormone?
Definition
LH
Term
An increase in LH cause what to happen?
Definition
ovulation
Term
The ______ oocyte is released from the ovary.
Definition
secondary
Term
If there is no fertilization then there is no ______.
Definition
meiosis II
Term
Fertilization usually occurs in the upper ___ portion of the fallopian tube?
Definition
1/3
Term
If there is fertilization, rapid meiosis II occurs, the oocyte forms an ____ and sends out a....
Definition
ootid, 2nd polar body
Term
T/F it is not possible for a 1st polar body to split into two 2nd polar bodies
Definition
False, it is possible
Term
Ovulation occurs in response to what hormone?
Definition
LH
Term
What is the inner texture of the ovary like?
Definition
granular
Term
An ovary has a large number of primary _______ in it.
Definition
follicles
Term
What is a primary follicle composed of?
Definition
1 primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells
Term
At the onset of puberty, what hormone stimulate the primary follicles to start maturation every 28 days?
Definition
FSH
Term
Once the primary follicle develops a fluid filled cavity and becomes a secondary follicle that migrates to the surface of the ovary it is then called a mature _______ _______.
Definition
graafian follicle
Term
As follicle develops into mature Graafian stage, the follicular cells start to secrete ____.
Definition
estrogen
Term
On day 14 of the menstrual cycle there is a sharp increase in ____.
Definition
LH
Term
In response to LH, what happens to the follicle?
Definition
It ruptures - ovulation
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