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The Pelvis
The pelvis
95
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/19/2014

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Cards

Term
What is the the pelvis?
Definition
The lower section of the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
The true pelvis is defined as?
Definition
The space below the iliac fossa, between the pelvic bones
Term
List the components of the upper margin of the true pelvis
Definition
- Sacral promontory
- Arcuate line
- Ileopectineal line
- Symphysis pubis
Term
What is the false pelvis?
Definition
The entire space bounded by the iliac foassae
Term
(T/F) The false pelvis is in the abdomen
Definition
True
Term
What forms the inferior limit of the pelvic cavity?
Definition
The pelvic diaphragm
Term
What is the perineum?
Definition
The region beneath the pelvic diaphragm
Term
What is contained within this space?
Definition
- External genitalia (anteriorly)
- Anal canal (posteriorly)
- Supporting blood supply, tissue and innervation
Term
What is the most anterior part of the sacrum?
Definition
The sacral prominence
Term
(T/F) It is essentually the body of the first sacral segment
Definition
True
Term
What is the arcuate line? What bone is it found on?
Definition
A continuation of the sacral promontory; the ileum
Term
(T/F) Together, the sacral prominence and the arcuate line define the lower border of the iliac fossa
Definition
true
Term
What structure is the arcuate line contuous with?
Definition
The ileopectineal line
Term
How does the ileopectineal line run?
Definition
Medially to the pubic crest, and to the midline at the symphysis pubis
Term
List the components of the inferior iliac fosssa border
Definition
1. Sacral prominence
2. Arcuate line
3. Ileopectineal line
4. Pubic crest
5. Symphysis pubis
Term
(T/F) The sacroiliac join has both fibrous and synovial components
Definition
True
Term
What is the major structure of the synovial component of the joint? Where is it located?
Definition
The auricular surface; on the posterior ileum
Term
What is the iliac tuberosity?
Definition
A boney prominence superior to the auricular surface
Term
What is the function of the iliac tuberosity?
Definition
Functions as a site of attachment for the ligaments comprising the fibrous component of the joint
Term
What 2 ligaments help reinforce the sacroileal joint?
Definition
1. Sacrotuberous ligament
2. Sacrospinous ligament
Term
What 2 muscles form the pelvic diaphragm? Which muscle is more anterior?
Definition
1. Coccygeus (posterior)
2. Levator ani (anterior)
Term
List the origin, insertion of the levator ani
Definition
O: Horizontal curved line from pubis to the ischial spine
I: Insert into a raphe with fibers from the other side of the diaphragm
Term
(T/F) The origins and insertion of this muscle causes it to form a 'sling'
Definition
True
Term
What pierces the levator ani anteriorly? Posteriorly?
Definition
Ant: urethra, and vagina (females)
Post: Anal canal
Term
What is the puborectalis? What is its function
Definition
The segment of the levator ani that forms a sling around the anus from the pubis; pulls the anorectal junction forwards
Term
List the origin, insertion of the coccygeus
Definition
O: Iscial spine
I: Coccyx
F: "Wags the tail" (if you have one)
Term
(T/F) The coccygeus makes up the lower part of the posterior pelvic wall
Definition
True
Term
What structure is the coccygeus found just below?
Definition
The piriformis
Term
List the GI contents in the pelvis
Definition
Rectum
Term
List the urinary system contents in the pelvis
Definition
- Ureters
- Bladder
Term
List the male repro contents in the pelvis
Definition
- Vas Deferens
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate gland
Term
List the female repro contents in the pelvis
Definition
- Ovaries
- Fallopian tubes
- Vagina
- Uterus and cervic
Term
List the circulatory contents in the pelvis
Definition
- Common iliac artery
- Internal iliac artery
- External iliac artery
Term
List the nervous contents in the pelvis
Definition
- Sacral plexus
- Autonomic innervation (PNS)
Term
List the peritoneal contents in the pelvis
Definition
Pouches
Term
(T/F) The rectum is interperitoneal for its entirety
Definition
False, it is mostly retroperitoneal
Term
What is the fate of the rectum?
Definition
Pierces the levator ani posteriorly to become the anal canal
Term
Ureters and Bladder covered previously
Definition
Term
What is the function of the VD?
Definition
Connects epididymis to the prostate gland
Term
How does the VD enter the abdomen?
Definition
By passing through the spermatic cord, through the deep inguinal ring
Term
(T/F) The VD is not paired
Definition
False, it is
Term
What is the ampulla of vas?
Definition
The expanded portion of the VD as it approaches the midline
Term
Which structure fuses with VD at the termination of the ampulla?
Definition
Seminal vescicle
Term
What do the seminal vesicle and vas deferens merge to form?
Definition
The ejaculatory duct
Term
What is the fate of the ejaculatory duct?
Definition
Enters the prostate
Term
List characteristics of the prostate
Definition
- Walnut sized
- Beneath the bladder
- Urethra runs through it
Term
(T/F) The ejaculatory duct merges with the urethra in the prostate
Definition
True
Term
What is the consequence of having vessels run through the prostate?
Definition
It divides the organ into lobes
Term
What is the urethra called when it is in the prostate?
Definition
The prosthatic urethra
Term
What is the function of the prostate?
Definition
Provides fluid sugars and enzymes into the ejaculate
Term
When does the urethra become the prostatic urethra?
Definition
As soon as it passes through the internal sphincter of the bladder
Term
What is the urogenital diaphragm? What is contained within it?
Definition
The muscle below the prostate gland.
1. The external sphincter
2. Bulbourethral glands
Term
What is the urethra called when it is in the urogenital diaphragm?
Definition
The membranous urethra
Term
Where to the bulbourethral gland ducts enter the urethra?
Definition
In the penis
Term
Where is the penile urethra found?
Definition
In the penis
Term
List the components of the female reproductive system found in the pelvis?
Definition
1. Ovaries
2. Uterine tubes
3. Uterus/cervix
4. Vagina
Term
(T/F) Ovaries are paired
Definition
True
Term
What structure suspends the ovaries from the uterus?
Definition
The round ligament of the ovary
Term
(T/F) The round ligament of the ovary is continuous with the round ligament of the uterus
Definition
True
Term
Where does the round ligament of the uterus insert?
Definition
Into the labia majora, through the inguinal canal
Term
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
Definition
Functions to suspend the round ligaments of the ova and uterus
Term
List characteristics of the uterine tubes
Definition
- Paired
- 10cm long
Term
What is the function?
Definition
To carry ova from the ovaries to the uterus
Term
What are the 3 parts of the fallopian tubes?
Definition
1. The Infundibulum
2. The Ampulla
3. The Isthmus
Term
What is the infundibulum?
Definition
The part that is open and reaches the ovary
Term
What is the ampulla?
Definition
The body of the tube, lined with epithelium that propels the egg towards the uterus
Term
What is the isthmus?
Definition
The region where the tube opens into the isthmus
Term
What is the uterus? What is its function?
Definition
A thick musclar organ located between the bladder and the rectum; connects uterine tubes to the vagina and it is the site of gestation
Term
List the features of the uterus
Definition
- The broad ligament
- Fundus
- Body
- Cervix
Term
What is the broad ligament?
Definition
The peritoneum covering the uterus
Term
What is the fundus?
Definition
The superior, dome shaped end
Term
What is the cervix?
Definition
The neck
Term
What are the 3 features of the cervix?
Definition
1. Internal os
2. External os
3. Fornix
Term
What is the fornix?
Definition
The circular depression surrounding the external os
Term
What is the posterior fornix?
Definition
The deepest portion of the fornix, located posteriorly
Term
List the 3 layers of the uterus?
Definition
1. Perimetrium - the capsule
2. Myometrium - smooth muscle wall
3. Endometrium - inner mucosal lining
Term
List characteristics of the vagina
Definition
- Muscular, rugose tube
- 8cm
- Pierces pelvic flow
Term
What is the vestibule?
Definition
The opening of the vagina
Term
Where is the vestibule lcoated?
Definition
- Between the labia minora
- Inferior to the external urethral orfice
- Anterior to the anus
Term
(T/F) It is entirely in the abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
False, the upper 2/3 are, but the lower 1/3 is in the perineum
Term
What are the two main branches of the common iliac artery?
Definition
1. External
2. Internal
Term
Describe the fate of the external artery?
Definition
Runs down lateral pelvic wall on pelvic brim and enters thigh under inguinal ligament
Term
(T/F) The internal iliac is the artery to the pelvis and the gluteal region
Definition
True
Term
Describe the fate of the internal iliac
Definition
Runs down lateral walls of pelvis, sends off many branches, then comes back up the front of the pelvis as the umbilical ligament
Term
List the 8 major arterial branches of the internal iliac, and their targets (if applicable)
Definition
1. Lateral sacral - to pelvic walls
2. Superior gluteal
3. Inferior gluteal
4. Internal pudendal - to perineum
5. Uterine - to uterus
6. Vesicular - to the bladder
7. Obturator - medial thigh
8. Vaginal artery - replaces inferior vesicular
Term
Where are the somatic pelvic nerves derived from?
Definition
The sacral plexus
Term
(T/F) The walls of the pelvis get shared nerves
Definition
False, they get separated nerves
Term
What is the target of the pudendal nerve, and where does it originate?
Definition
O: S2,3,4
T: perineum
Term
Where does SNS innervation for the pelvis come from? PNS innervation?
Definition
SNS: the lower sympathetic trunk
PNS: Pelvic plexus (S2,3,5)
Term
Describe the path of the broad ligament
Definition
Rises from the pelvic floor, behind the bladder, over the uterus and uterine tubes, before descending into the floor in front of the rectum
Term
What is the consequence of this?
Definition
2 pouches are produced
Term
Name these pouches, and which is more anterior
Definition
1. Vesicouterine
2. Rectouterne (pouch of Douglas)
Term
(T/F) The broad ligament spawns 2 small mesenteries
Definition
True
Term
Name the 2, and what they attach?
Definition
1. Mesovarium - broad lig to ovary
2. Mesosalpinx - uterine tube to broad ligament
Term
What is the vesicorectal pouch?
Definition
The pouch between bladder and rectum in males
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