Shared Flashcard Set

Details

The Orbit & the Eyeball
n/a
47
Anatomy
Graduate
03/19/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What bones make up the bony orbit?
Definition
Frontal; maxilla; zygomatic; sphenoid; ethmoid; lacrimal; palatine
Term
What makes up the roof of the bony orbit?
Definition
Orbital part of frontal, lesser wing of sphenoid
Term
What makes up the medial wall of the bony orbit?
Definition
Thinnest wall, related to ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses, made up of ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and lacrimal bones
Term
What makes up the lateral wall of the bony orbit?
Definition
Thickest wall, made up of frontal process of zygomatic and greater wing of sphenoid
Term
What makes up the floor of the bony orbit?
Definition
Maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, related to maxillary sinus
Term
What separates the floor of the bony orbit from the lateral wall?
Definition
Inferior orbital fissure
Term
What part of the orbit is most commonly associated with blow out fractures?
Definition
Floor of the bony orbit
Term
Protrusion of the eyeball is referred to as what?
Definition
Exophthalamos
Term
What are the effects of a blow-out fracture on the bones of the orbit?
Definition
Displaces orbital walls, pushes intraorbital contents into the sinuses
Term
What are the observable effects of a blow-out fracture?
Definition
Pain, swelling, diplopia, inhibited upward gaze due to entrapment of inferior oblique, enopthalamos
Term
What traverses the optic canal and what areas does it connect?
Definition
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery, communicates with middle cranial fossa
Term
What passes through the superior orbital fissure? What does it communicate with?
Definition
Superior opthalmic vein, CN III, IV, and V2, branches of CN V1, communicates with middle cranial fossa
Term
What is transmitted through the inferior orbital fissure and what does it communicate with?
Definition
Orbital and zygomatic branches of CN V2, inferior ophthalmic vein, veins communicating with the pterygoid plexus, communicates with pterygopalatine fossa
Term
What travels through the supraorbital notch/foramen?
Definition
Supraorbital artery and nerve
Term
What travels through the infraorbital groove and canal?
Definition
Infraorbital artery and nerve
Term
What is transmitted through the lacrimal canal and what does it communicate with?
Definition
Nasolacrimal duct, connects to inferior nasal meatus
Term
What passes through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen?
Definition
Anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries and nerves respectively
Term
What separates the eyelids?
Definition
Medial and lateral palpebral commissures
Term
Eyelashes are associated with what glands?
Definition
Glands of Zeiss (sebaceous glands) glands of Moll (modified sweat glands)
Term
What is responsible for the rigidity of the eyelid?
Definition
Tarsal plate
Term
What muscles insert into the tarsal plate?
Definition
Levator palpebrae superioris and superior tarsal muscle, contains large sebaceous glands called Meibomean/tarsal glands
Term
What are secreted by tarsal glands?
Definition
Lipid part of tearfilm
Term
What is Hordeolum?
Definition
Infection of the eyelid involving Meibomian glands or the glands of Zeiss due to obstruction or infection of an eyelash
Term
What is chalazion?
Definition
Noninfections obstruction of Meibomian glands causing inflammation, irritation, and cysts
Term
What causes the inability to fully close eyelids in Bell's palsy?
Definition
Paralysis of orbicularis oculi due to damage to CN VII
Term
Ptosis is a term used for what symptom?
Definition
Drooping of the eyelid
Term
Paralysis of what muscles causes ptosis?
Definition
Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III damage) or superior tarsal muscle (Horner syndrome)
Term
The lacrimal duct drains into what?
Definition
Inferior nasal meatus
Term
Describe he pathway tears take from the lacrimal gland to excretion
Definition
Lacrimal canaliculi -> lacrimal puncta on the summit of the lacrimal papilla -> lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> inferior nasal meatus
Term
Tears are spread evenly over the eyeball through blinking and accumulation in an area known as what?
Definition
Lacrimal lake
Term
What provides innervation signalling for the excretion of tears?
Definition
Greater petrosal n. via CN VII -> pterygopalatin ganglion -> zygomatic n. and lacrimal n. via CN V2 -> lacrimal gland
Term
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on the lacrimal apparatus?
Definition
Parasympathetic = secretomotor, Sympathetic = vasoconstriction
Term
What makes up the fibrous layer of the eyeball?
Definition
Sclera, cornea, and corneoscleral junction (limbus)
Term
What makes up the vascular layer (Uvea) of the eyeball?
Definition
Choroid, ciliary body, iris
Term
What makes up the neural layer of the eyeball?
Definition
Retina
Term
What parts of the eyeball do not make up its various coats?
Definition
Lens and vitreous body
Term
What is the central aperture of the iris known as?
Definition
Pupil
Term
What makes up the ciliary body of the eyeball?
Definition
Ciliary muscles (ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae, and dilator pupillae) and processes
Term
What secretes aqueous humor in the eye?
Definition
Ciliary processes of the ciliary body
Term
What is the function of sphincter and dilator pupillae?
Definition
Myosis (pupilloconstriction) and mydriasis (pupillodilation) respectively
Term
How do ciliary muscles mediate far vision and near vision?
Definition
Relax to flatten the lens for far vision, constrict to relax the suspensory ligament and thicken the lens for near vision
Term
How does aqueous humor secreted by the ciliary processes drain out of the eye?
Definition
Anterior chamber -> trabecular meshwork -> iridocorneal junction -> exits via spaces of the Fontana into Schlemm's canal
Term
How many layers are there to the retina?
Definition
10
Term
What are the outermost layers of the retina?
Definition
Retinal pigment epithelium adjacent to the choroid and nerve fiber layer that forms the optic nerve in the optic disc
Term
What purpose do rods and cones serve?
Definition
Rods = night vision, cones = color vision
Term
Where is the highest concentration of cones found?
Definition
Fovea (a small pit in the macular lutea)
Term
What supplies blood to the retina?
Definition
Central retinal artery
Supporting users have an ad free experience!