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The Nervous System
Anatomy and phys chapters 10-14
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/05/2019

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Term
The cerebellum functions in:
Definition
the planning and coordination of movement.
Term
Which description best matches the location of white matter?
Definition
In the spinal cord, white matter is superficial while cerebral white matter is deep
Term
What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube?
Definition
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
Term
Where are color, object movement, and depth processed?
Definition
visual association areas
Term
In 1925, a 31 year old man sustained a brain injury when an iron rod pierced through his left prefrontal cerebral cortex. What do you think was the result?
Definition
His personality, behavior, and psychological state changed.
Term
What best describes the Broca's area?
Definition
Broca's area is a premotor area for speech sounds.
Term
What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?
Definition
limbic system
Term
The thalamus receives information from all of the following senses EXCEPT for:
Definition
smell
Term
Damage to the substantia nigra of the midbrain would be indicated by problems with:
Definition
movement
Term
What is NOT a function of the reticular formation?
Definition
memory
Term
Which brain nucleus serves as the body's "master clock"?
Definition
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Term
The deepest stage of sleep is experienced during:
Definition
stage IV.
Term
The neurotransmitter orexin plays a role in:
Definition
the promotion of wakefulness.
Term
What part of the brain is responsible for cognition?
Definition
cerebral cortex
Term
What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior?
Definition
prefrontal cortex
Term
You've looked for your keys for the past ten minutes in several different places. The ability to keep track of the places you've already looked is stored in:
Definition
short-term (working) memory.
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the
Definition
subarachnoid space.
Term
Astrocytes and tight junctions create a barrier to viruses and bacteria known as:
Definition
the blood-brain barrier.
Term
An injury to the spinal cord is not possible below the:
Definition
second lumbar vertebra.
Term
Sharon sustained damage to her spinal cord in a car accident. She has no difficulty moving her arm, but has lost some sensation in her arm. What part of her spinal cord must have been injured?
Definition
posterior horn of spinal gray matter
Term
What part of the motor pathway inhibits inappropriate movements?
Definition
basal nuclei
Term
What role does dopamine play in motor control?
Definition
Dopamine binds receptors on the caudate nucleus and putamen, inhibiting the globus pallidus. The upper motor neurons are eventually activated.
Term
Which division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) detects stimuli and carries them to the central nervous system (CNS)?
Definition
sensory
Term
Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in eye movement?
Definition
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Term
An inability to swallow indicates a problem with the:
Definition
trigeminal nerve (V) or glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).
Term
Which of the following is INCORRECT about the numbers of spinal nerves?
Definition
7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves. There are 8 pairs of cervical nerves.
Term
The phrenic nerve is a member of the:
Definition
cervical plexus.
Term
The longest and largest nerve in the body belongs to the sacral plexus and is known as the:
Definition
sciatic nerve
Term
The stretch of a full urinary bladder is detected by a(n):
Definition
interoceptor
Term
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by:
Definition
nocicepters
Term
Which mechanoreceptor detects deep pressure?
Definition
lamellated corpuscle
Term
The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a sensory neuron will be quickest in:
Definition
a large-diameter, myelinated axon.
Term
Regions of skin supplied by a spinal nerve for somatic sensation are known as:
Definition
dermatomes.
Term
Anna went to her doctor's office with pain in her right shoulder blade and learned she was having a gallbladder attack. You're not surprised to hear about the unusual location of her pain since it is known as:
Definition
referred pain
Term
Place the following steps in order for motor control.
1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons.
2. Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed.
3. Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program.
4. Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract.
5. The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex.
Definition
3, 5, 1, 4, 2
Term
Which of the following does NOT characterize a reflex?
Definition
Neural integration of a reflex usually occurs in the PNS.
Term
A simple reflex with only a single synapse between the sensory and motor neurons is known as a
Definition
monosynaptic reflex.
Term
Determine the polysynaptic reflex from this list of examples.
Definition
flexion (withdrawal) reflex
Term
The inability to produce a gag reflex could indicate a problem with the:
Definition
glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) or vagus nerve (X).
Term
Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses
Definition
somatic sensory division
Term
The two structural divisions of the nervous system are the:
Definition
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Term
Sarah sensed a mosquito land on her arm and swatted it away with her hand. Which specific PNS division was responsible for the movement of Sarah's hand?
Definition
somatic motor division
Term
Which neuroglial cell helps form the blood brain barrier?
Definition
astrocyte
Term
Which of the following is a primary factor in the maintenance of a cell's negative charge during resting membrane potential?
Definition
leak channels
Term
Myelinated axons in the CNS are known as:
Definition
white matter
Term
The influx of positive charges makes the membrane potential more positive and is known as:
Definition
depolarization
Term
Repolarization begins as:
Definition
voltage-gated potassium ion channels activate
Term
The majority of synapses in the nervous system are:
Definition
chemical
Term
What ion triggers synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
Definition
calcium
Term
The neuron that receives neurotransmitters from another neuron is called:
Definition
the postsynaptic
Term
T/F? The conduction of an action potential is faster in unmyelinated axons than in myenlinated axons.
Definition
False
Term
Neurons are responsible for sending and receiving signals referred to as action potentials while neurological cells serve a variety of supportive functions
Definition
True
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