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The Nervous System
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40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2012

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Term
diencephalon: thalamus
Definition
relay and processing centers for sensory information
Term
diencephalon: hypothalamus
Definition
centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production, pituitary gland located in this region
Term
mesencephalon
Definition
processing for visual and auditory data, generation of reflexive somatic motor responses, maintenance of consciousness
Term
pons
Definition
relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus,
subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
relays sensory info to thalamus and other portions of the brain stem, autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities
Term
cerebellum
Definition
coordinates complex somatic motor patterns, adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord
Term
diencephalon: epithalamus
Definition
contains the hormone-secreting pineal gland
Term
septum pellucidum
Definition
medial partition that separates the lateral ventricles
Term
inter ventricular foramen
Definition
each lateral ventricle communicates with the ventricle of the diencephalon
Term
aqueduct of the midbrain
Definition
the slender canal of the mesencephalon that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle
Term
fourth ventricle
Definition
begins between the pons and cerebellum, ___ is cont. with the central canal of the spinal cord, circulation of CSF from the ventricles and central canal into the subarachnoid space through foramina in the roof of the ventricles
Term
sulci
Definition
depression on brain surface
Term
gyri
Definition
ridge on brain surface
Term
fissures
Definition
groove on brain surface
Term
flax cerebri
Definition
arched fold of the dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure betwen the cerebral hemispheres
Term
tentorium cerebelli
Definition
an extension of dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes
Term
falx cerebelli
Definition
small triangular process of the dura mater recieved into the posterior cerebellar notch
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
posterior: oxytocin, ADH (vasopressin)
anterior: tropic hormones
Term
olfactory bulb
Definition
structure of the forebrain involved in olfaction
Term
olfactory tracts
Definition
bundle of axons from the olfactory bulb to smell cortexin
Term
optic chiasma
Definition
place where the left and right optic nerves cross
Term
infundibulum
Definition
connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus
Term
mammillary bodies
Definition
located on the floor of the hypothamus immediatley posterior to the pituitary gland, motor nuclei that control reflex movements such as chewing and swallowing, assoc. with eating
Term
pineal gland
Definition
involved in regulation of daily day-night cycle, secretes melatonin
Term
copora quadrigemina
Definition
in the brain, reflex center for vision and hearing , four colliculi (inferior/superior)
Term
fornix
Definition
tract that connects hippocampus to the mammillary bodies
Term
anterior commissure
Definition
band of commissural fibers that allows communication between left and right hemispheres
Term
arbor vitae of cerebellum
Definition
branching mass of white matter (that resembles a tree)
Term
epithalamus
Definition
the lid of the diencephalon
Term
central canal
Definition
contains CSF continuous with the ventricles of the brain
Term
anterior median fissure
Definition
deep groove separating the left and right sides of the spinal cord
Term
posterior median sulcus
Definition
groove separating left and right sides of the spinal cord
Term
posterior gray commissure
Definition
a tract that connects (crosses over) left and right sides of the spinal cord (brain)
Term
anterior gray commissure
Definition
a tract that connects left and right sides of the spinal cord
Term
posterior gray horns
Definition
composed of cell bodies of interneurons, interneurons connect afferent sensory neurons with efferent motor neurons
Term
lateral gray horns
Definition
region composed primarily of cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
Term
anterior gray horns
Definition
region composed primarily of cell bodies of somatic motor neuons
Term
ventral root of spinal nerve
Definition
contains axons of somatic motor neurons, these are outgoing axons taking information away from the CNS
Term
dorsal root of spinal nerve
Definition
contains axons of sensory neurons, these are incoming axons carrying information toward the CNS
Term
dorsal root ganglion
Definition
contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons, the sensory neurons synapse with interneurons
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