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The Nervous System
Terms and facts about the Nervous System.
64
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2012

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Term
Functions of the Nervous System
Definition
1.Sensory: Gathering info on changes inside and outside.
2.Integration: Process and interpret input.
3.Motor: Response to integrated stimuli.
Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
CNS. Integation; comand center, homeostasis. Brain & spinal chord.
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
Communication between CNS and everything else in the body.
Term
Afferent
Definition
Sensory; to the CNS.
Term
Efferent
Definition
Motor; away from the CNS
Term
Somatic Nervous System
Definition
Subdivision of motor. Voluntary; skeletal muscle.
Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
Subdivision of motor. Involuntary; smooth & cardiac muscle and glands.
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
Fight or Flight. Subdivision of autonomic nervous system.
Term
Parasympathetic
Definition
Rest and Digest. Subdivision of autonomic nervous system.
Term
Neuroglia Cells
Definition
Support, insulate, protect neurons.
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
Star-shaped; blood brain barrier.
Term
Microglia
Definition
Phagocytes; defend CNS cells.
Term
Ependymal Cells
Definition
Line cavities of brain & spinal cord; cilia move cerebrospinal fluid.
Term
Oligodendrocytes
Definition
CNS; myelin sheath around axon, white matter.
Term
Schwann Cells
Definition
PNS; myelin sheath around axon.
Term
Neuron
Definition
Nerve cell; functional unit of nervous system. Made up of body & processes.
Term
Dendrites
Definition
Process; receives info.
Term
Axons
Definition
Process; away from cell body, only 1.
Term
Synaptic Cleft
Definition
Gap between neurons.
Term
Synapse
Definition
Junction between nerves.
Term
Myelin Sheath
Definition
"White" fatty covering of axon. Schwann (PNS), Oligodendrocytes (CNS).
Term
Node of Ranvier
Definition
Gaps in myelin sheath on axon.
Term
Grey Matter
Definition
Cell bodies & unmyelinated fibers.
Term
White Matter
Definition
Myelinated.
Term
Ganglia
Definition
Collections of cell bodies outside of the CNS; fuse boxes.
Term
Tracts vs Nerves
Definition
Bundle of nerve cells; CNS vs PNS.
Term
Interneuron (Association)
Definition
CNS; connect sensory & motor neurons.
Term
Multipolar
Definition
Many dendrites; most common.
Term
Bipolar
Definition
1 axon & 1 dendrite; special sense organs; rare.
Term
Functional Properties of Neurons
Definition
1.Irritability: ability to respond to stimuli.
2.Conductivity: ability to transmit an impulse.
Term
Depolarization
Definition
Cell membrane is polarized at rest (+ outside/- inside). Stimuli opens pores and switch this by letting Na+ in.
Term
Action Potential
Definition
Difference in charge across the membrane, down the axon.
Term
Repolarization
Definition
Switches back to polar state (resting membrane potential) by letting K+ out.
Term
Saltatory Conduction
Definition
Action potential "jumps" along the axon because of myelin sheath.
Term
Primary Somatic Sensory Area
Definition
Receives impulses from sensory receptors; parietal lobe.
Term
Primary Motor Area
Definition
Sends impulses to skeletal muscles; frontal lobe.
Term
Brocas Area
Definition
Speech.
Term
Gustatory Area
Definition
Taste.
Term
Visual Area
Definition
Sight.
Term
Auditory Area
Definition
Hearing.
Term
Olfactory Area
Definition
Smell.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Relay station between 2nd and 3rd.
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Integrating link between nervous sys. & endocrine sys.
Term
Epithalamus
Definition
Pineal gland (3rd eye); Choroid plexus.
Term
Midbrain
Definition
Vision and hearing.
Term
Pons
Definition
Breathing; bulge in brain stem.
Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition
Heart rate control, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing and vomiting.
Term
Reticular Formation
Definition
Present time consciousness.
Term
Dura Matter
Definition
"Tough Mother", Meninges; outer layer, double layered external covering of brain.
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
Meninges; internal layer, clings to the brain.
Term
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Definition
CSF. Protection and nutrients to the brain. Choroid Plexus makes it, arachnoid villi absorbs it.
Term
Blood Brain Barrier
Definition
Astrocytes.
Term
CVA
Definition
Stroke; ischemia (lack of oxygen) of brain tissue.
Term
Cervical Plexus
Definition
Plexus; bundle of nerve fibers.
Neck, face & diaphragm.
Term
Brachial Plexus
Definition
Shoulder, arm, forearm & hand.
Term
Lumbar Plexus
Definition
Leg.
Term
Sacral Plexus
Definition
Saddle Area.
Term
Stimuli
Definition
Changes.
Term
Satellite
Definition
Protects neuron cell bodies.
Term
Cerebral Hemisphere
Definition
Cerebrum, left/right.
Term
Gyri & Sulci
Definition
Brain; ridges & grooves.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Balance.
Term
Number of Spinal Nerves
Definition
31 pairs.
Term
Reflex Arc Order
Definition
1.Sensory receptor reacts to stimuli
2.Sensory neuron carries info to CNS
3.CNS (integration center) processes and directs motor output
4.Motor neuron carries info to effector
5.Effector organ is the muscle or gland to be stimulated
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