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The Nature of Communication
Chapter 4 pgs 111-120
9
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/14/2013

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Cards

Term
Components of Communication
Definition
  • transmission and reception of information by a signal
  • It requires a sender, a signal, a medium (through which the signal is transmitted), and a reciever
Term

Homeostasis

 

Definition
  • depends on the ability of every cell to send and recieve communications
  • all cells transmit and recieve signals that help maintain the body in good health
  • problems with communication can cause disease
Term
Ligands
Definition
  • another word for chemical signals because the signals bind to receptors
  • ligare= to bind
Term
Receptors
Definition
  • Proteins that change the activity of the cell when bound by the chemical signal
  • cells to which signals bind
Term
Hormones
Definition
  • released by body cells and travel through the bloodstream (the medium) to act on distant cells.
  • endocrine secretions- released by endocrines
  • neurohormones- released by nerve cells
Term

Neurotransmitters

 

Definition
  • special class of paracrine factors
  • released by neurons and travel a very short distance across a narrow intercellular space to another neuron or an effector cell to induce an electrical signal
  • enduces electrical signals
Term
Second messengers
Definition
  • a small molecule that transmits a cell surface signal to sites of action in the cytoplasm or nucleus
  • secret agents that carry coded messages from outsiders who cannot penetrate the cell's border security
Term
Agonist
Definition
  • a liquid that mimics the effect of an endogenous ligand. 
Term
Antagonist
Definition
  • bind to receptor and block the binding site, preventing the endogenous ligand from binding
  • bind to related receptor and decrease the effect of the endogenous ligane even if the endogenous ligand binds to its receptor
  • don't turn off the receptor; they just prevent it from turning on or limit its effect.
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