Shared Flashcard Set

Details

The Muscular System
N/A
69
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/06/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
T/F: Each skeletal muscle is an organ
Definition
true
Term
the skeletal muscles have three main functions, what are they?
Definition
movement, support, stabilizing joints
Term
which part of the muscle is the less movable point of attachment?
Definition
origin
Term
which part of the muscle is the more movable point?
Definition
insertion
Term
T/F: Muscles can pull and push.
Definition
False. Muscles can only pull, never push
Term
T/F: As contraction occurs the origin moves towards the insertion
Definition
False. Insertion moves towards the origin.
Term
Give one example of a muscle (or group) support.
Definition
ab muscles hold visceral organs in position
Term
muscles that work in opposing pairs and limits and controls motions are called
Definition
antagonistic pairs
Term
What are the four functional groups that muscles can be classified as?
Definition
- prime mover
- antagonist
- synergist
- fixator
Term
A prime mover muscle is also known as what?
Definition
an agonist
Term
A muscle that provides the major force for producing movement is known as a
Definition
prime mover
Term
Muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement and are stretched when a prime mover is contracted are known as
Definition
antagonists
Term
T/F: Prime movers and antagonist muscles are located on the same side to increase the strength
Definition
False. Located on opposite sides to create balance and control
Term
These types of muscles help prime movers by adding a little extra force in the same direction or act as joint stabilizers (prevent other unwanted motion at a joint)
Definition
synergist muscles
Term
these types of muscles holds bone in place; an example of this would be a muscle that maintains posture or immobilizes the scapula
Definition
fixators
Term
Name one fixator muscle on the posterior side.
Definition
- infraspinatus
- teres major
- rhomboid major
- latissimus dorsi
Term
Longest muscle in the body
Definition
sartorius
Term
A.k.a the boxer's muscle
Definition
serratus anterior
Term
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and your vastus medialis make up your ____.
Definition
quadriceps
Term
fibularis longus is also known as
Definition
peroneus longus
Term
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus make up the ______.
Definition
hamstring
Term
Largest hamstring
Definition
biceps femoris
Term
deepest hamstring, more medial
Definition
semimembranosus
Term
Naming of skeletal muscles consists of 7 different methods. Name 5.
Definition
- location of the muscle
- size of the muscle
- action
- shape of the muscle
- direction of muscle fibers
- number of origins
- location of attachments
Term
example of a muscle named by the location
Definition
- temporalis (temporal region)
- frontalis (frontal region)
- intercostals (btwn ribs)
- biceps femoris (femoris = femur)
- occipitalis (occipital region)
ETC
Term
example of a muscle named by the shape
Definition
- deltoids (delta= triangle)
- trapezius (trapezoid)
Term
example of a muscle named by the relative size
Definition
maximus, major- largest
minimus, minor- smallest
longus- long
brevis- short
ex.
- gluteus maximus
- fibularis longus
- pectoralis major and minor
Term
example of a muscle named by the direction of muscle fibers
Definition
- rectus (fibers run straight)
- transversus/oblique (fibers run at an angle or right angle)
ex.
- rectus femoris
- transversus addominis
- external, internal obliques
Term
example of a muscle named by the number of origins
Definition
- biceps (2)
- triceps (3)
- quadriceps (4)
Term
example of a muscle named by the location of the attachments
Definition
ORIGIN ALWAYS NAMED FIRST
ex.
- sternocleidomastoid
- brachioradialis
- sternohyoid
Term
example of a muscle named by the action
Definition
(flexor, extensor, adductor, supinator, pronator)
- pronator teres
- adductor longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
example of gliding movements
Definition
intercarpal or intertarsal joints between vertebrae
Term
these angular movements are done on the sagittal plane
Definition
flexion, extension, hyperextension
Term
angular movements done w/ limbs
Definition
abduction, adduction
Term
bending movement, decreasing the angle of the joint, brings articulating bones closer together
Definition
flexion
Term
increasing the angle between two articulating bones, usually to 180 degrees
Definition
extension
Term
extension where the angle exceeds 180 degrees
Definition
hyperextension
Term
movement of a limb AWAY FROM the midline or median plane of the body, along the frontal plane
Definition
abduction
Term
movement of a limb TOWARDS the body midline or the midline of the hand/foot
Definition
adduction
Term
lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin (walking on your heels)
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
depressing the foot, pointing toes downward
Definition
plantar flexion
Term
moving a limb so that its distal end draws a circle, consists of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction performed in succession
Definition
circumduction
Term
what body part/s can you not rotate?
Definition
fingers, toes
Term
turning of a bone around its own axis
Definition
rotation
Term
(refers to movement of the radius around the ulna)
rotate the forearm laterally so that the palm faces superiorly or anteriorly (radius and ulna are parallel)
Definition
supination
think of "carry the soup"
Term
(refers to the movement of the radius around the ulna)
the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or interiorly
(radius rotates over the ulna, the two bones form an X)
Definition
pronation
Term
the sole of the foot moves medially, faces inward
Definition
inversion
Term
the sole of the foot moves laterally, faces outward
Definition
eversion
Term
jut out the jaw
Definition
protraction
Term
return the jaw to normal position after it has been protruded
Definition
retraction
Term
lift a body part superiorly, example- shrugging shoulders
Definition
elevates
Term
move the body part inferiorly
Definition
depresses
Term
touching the thumb to the tips of the other fingers
Definition
opposition
Term
what does the arrangement of the fascicles allow muscles?
Definition
gives them different shapes and capabilities
Term
muscle fascicles arrangement that run alongside the long axis of the muscle, ex. sartorius
Definition
parallel
Term
muscle fascicles arrangement with tapered ends, spindled shaped, and has an expanded belly, ex. biceps brachii
Definition
fusiform
Term
muscle fascicle arrangement that are short and attach obliquely ("feather"), can be bi- or uni-.
ex. rectus femoris
Definition
pennate
Term
muscle fascicles arrangement with a broad origin, fascicles leading towards a single tendon or tapered end (insertion)
ex. pectoralis major
Definition
convergent
Term
muscle fascicles arrangement where there are concentric rings of fascicles, around external body openings
ex. anus, stomach, mouth- orbicularis oris
Definition
circular
Term
muscle contusion (tearing of the muscle with hematoma, severe prolonged pain, common contact sports injury); use ice to heal
Definition
Charley horse
Term
abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents (usually coils of intestines) through a weak point in the muscles of the abdominal wall; usuall caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure during lifting or straining
Definition
hernia
Term
where can hernias arise? give one example
Definition
inguinal (groin), umbilical, hiatal (through the diaphragm and into thoracic cavity)
Term
tearing these muscles or their tendons, usually occurs in athletes who do not warm up properly and then extend their hip or knee quickly; not painful at first, but pain intensifies within 3-6 hrs; rest a week and then stretch
Definition
quadriceps or hamstring strains or "pulls"
Term
"Achilles tendon"; common in young sprinters when the tendon is traumatized during the takeoff, abrupt pain, calf bulges, can't perform plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
Definition
rupture of the calcaneal tendon
Term
which muscle do shin splints affect?
Definition
tibialis anterior
Term
pain in the anterior part of the leg caused by irritation following extreme exercise without prior conditioning; the inflamed muscle swells and circulation is impaired by tight fascicle wrappings; pain; tenderness to touch; can range from stress fracture of the tibia to inflammation of shin fascia, to muscle tears
Definition
shin splints
Term
tenderness due to trauma or overuse of the tendon of origin of the forearm extensor muscles; aggravated by forceful extension of the head at the wrist
(tennis backhand, lifting a shovel with weight)
Definition
tennis elbow
Term
which muscle does torticollis affect?
Definition
sternocleidomastoid
Term
twisting of the neck in which there is a chronic rotation and tilting of the head to one side; "wryneck"; may be present at birth from difficult delivery, needs exercise that stretches the affected muscle
Definition
torticollis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!