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The Muscular System
Primary Muscles of the Head, Trunk, and Upper and Lower Extremities - Movements, Origins, and Insertions
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/08/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Sternocleidomastoid

Definition

Origin: Manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle

 

Insertion: Mastoid process (and superior nuchal line of occipital bone)

 

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion (as in nodding "yes"), lateral flexion (same side),  and rotation (opposite side) of neck

Term

 

 

 

 

Scalenes

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion (as in nodding "yes"), lateral flexion (same side),  and rotation (opposite side) of neck, and inspiration

Term

 

 

 

 

Trapezius (upper)

Definition

Upper Trapezius

 

Origin: Occipital bone and ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Lateral clavicle

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension of the head

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Rectus Abdominis

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Flexion (of trunk)

Term

 

 

 

 

Internal Oblique

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion, lateral flexion (same side), and rotation (same side) of trunk

Term

 

 

 

 

External Oblique

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion, lateral flexion (same side), and rotation (opposite side) of trunk

Term

 

 

 

 

Transversus Abdominis

Definition

Compresses abdomen

Term

 

 

 

 

Erector Spinae

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Extension, lateral flexion (same side) and rotation (same side) of trunk

Term

 

 

 

 

Quadratus Lumborum

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Lateral flexion (same side) and extension (bilateral) of trunk

Term

 

 

 

 

Diaphragm

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Inspiration

Term

 

 

 

 

Intercostals

Definition

Primary Movement(s): Respiration

Term

 

 

 

 

Ligamentum Nuchae

Definition

Ligament extending from occipital bone along tips of the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae.

 

Binds cervical vertebrae and inhibits excessive head and neck flexion - preventing damage to the spinal cord.

Term

 

 

 

 

Linea Alba

Definition

Tendinous seam that runs from sternum to pubic symphysis; aka "white line"

Term

 

 

 

 

Serratus Anterior

Definition

Origin: Upper 8 (or 9) ribs at the side of the chest

Insertion: Entire anterior length of the vertebral border of scapula

 

Primary Movement(s): Protraction and upward rotation (of scapula)

Term

 

 

 

 

Pectoralis Minor

Definition

Origin: Anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

 

Primary Movement(s): Depression, protraction, downward rotation (scapula)

Term

 

 

 

 

Trapezius

Definition

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

 

Upper

Primary Movement(s): Elevation

Middle

Primary Movement(s): Retraction (i.e. after lowering arms)

Lower

Primary Movement(s): Depression and upward rotation

Term

 

 

 

 

Levator Scapulae

Definition

Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula (superior to spine)

 

Primary Movement(s): Elevation and downward rotation (scapula)

Term

 

 

 

 

Rhomboids - Major and Minor

Definition

Rhomboids Major

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5

 

Rhomboids Minor

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1

 

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

 

Primary Movement(s): Retraction, elevation, downward rotation

Term

 

 

 

 

Pectoralis Major

Definition

Origin: Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 (or 7), aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

 

Insertion: lateral side of intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus

 

Primary Movements: Adduction at shoulder joint

 

Sternal head: Extension at shoulder joint

Clavicular head: Flexion at shoulder joint

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Deltoid

Definition

Origin: Lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

 

Primary Movement(s): Abduction at shoulder joint

 

Anterior: Flexion at shoulder joint

Posterior: Horizontal abduction

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Coracobrachialis

Definition

Flexion at the shoulder joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Latissimus Dorsi

Definition

Origin: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, lateral spinous processes of vertebrae T7-L5, lower 3 ribs

 

Insertion: Lateral side of intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension and adduction at shoulder joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Subscapularis

Definition

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

 

Primary Movement(s): Adduction and medial rotation at shoulder joint

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Teres Major

Definition

Origin: Posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle

Insertion: Lateral side of intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Teres Minor

Definition

Origin: Dorsal surface of axillary border of scapula

Intervention: Greater tubercle of humerus

 

Primary Movement(s): Lateral rotation

Term

 

 

 

 

Infraspinatus

Definition

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

 

Primary Movement(s): Lateral rotation

Term

 

 

 

 

Supraspinatus

Definition

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

 

Primary Movement(s): Abduction

Term

 

 

 

 

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Definition

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Subscapularis

Term

 

 

 

 

Biceps Brachii

Definition

Short Head:

Origin: Coracoid process

Long Head:

Origin: Superior edge of glenoid cavity

 

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

 

Primary Movement: Flexion and supination of arm

Term

 

 

 

 

Brachioradialis

Definition

Flexion of upper extremity

Term

 

 

 

 

Brachialis

Definition

Flexion of upper extremity

Term

 

 

 

 

Triceps Brachii

Definition

Long Head:

Origin: Inferior edge of glenoid cavity

 

Lateral and Medial Heads:

Origin: Posterior shaft of humerus

 

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension

Term

 

 

 

 

Pronator Quadratus

Definition

Pronation of radioulnar joints

Term

 

 

 

 

Pronator Teres

Definition

Pronation of radioulnar joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Supinator

Definition

Supination of radioulnar joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Gluteus Maximus

Definition

Origin: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension and lateral rotation of hip joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Gluteus Medius

Definition

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: Lateral side of greater trochanterof femur

 

Primary Movement(s): Abduction of hip joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Gluteus Minimus

Definition

Medial Rotation

Term

 

 

 

 

Piriformis and Lateral Rotator Group

Definition

Lateral Rotation

Term

 

 

 

 

Semimembranosus

Definition

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension

Term

 

 

 

 

Semitendinosus

Definition

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial surface of upper tibia

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension

Term

 

 

 

 

Biceps Femoris

Definition

Long Head:

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Short Head:

Origin: Linea aspera to distal femur

 

Insertion: Lateral head of fibula and condyle of tibia

 

Primary Movement(s): Extension of hip joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Adductors (Magnus, Longus, and Brevis)

Definition

Adduction

Term

 

 

 

 

Gracilis

Definition

Adduction at hip joint

Term

 

 

 

 

Iliacus

Definition

Origin: Iliacus

Insertion: Lesser trochanter femur

 

Primary Movement(s): Flexion

Term

 

 

 

 

Psoas Major

Definition

Origin: Lateral vertebral bodies of T12-L4 and intervertebral discs

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

 

Primary Movement(s): Flexion

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