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The Muscle System - Skeletal
Various questions about the skeletal muscle and its functions.
48
Anatomy
12th Grade
01/25/2011

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Term
The four functions of the muscle system
Definition
1. Movement
2. Maintenance of posture
3. Joint stabilization
4. Heat generation
Term
characteristics of skeletal muscle
Definition
-multinucleate
-striated with visible banding
-voluntary
-easily fatigued
Term
characteristics of smooth muscle
Definition
-no striations
-single nucleus
-involuntary
-tireless
Term
characteristics of cardiac muscle
Definition
-has striations
-joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disk
-involuntary
-found only in heart
Term
long cells shorten and generate pulling force
Definition
contractility
Term
electrical nerve impulse stimulate the muscle cell to contract
Definition
excitability
Term
can be stretched back to its original length by contraction of an opposing force
Definition
extensibility
Term
can recoil after being stretched
Definition
elasticity
Term
functional unit of the skeletal muscle
Definition
sarcomere
Term
long rows of rpeating segments in a myofibril
Definition
sarcomere
Term
the boundaries of each sarcomere
Definition
z line
Term
the thin filament
Definition
actin
Term
extend from z line toward the center of the sarcomere
Definition
actin filaments
Term
thick filament
Definition
myosin
Term
located in the center of the sarcomere
Definition
myosin filaments
Term
the full length of the thick filament, and it is composed of myosin
Definition
a band
Term
at rest, the center part of the sarcomere where no thin filaments occur
Definition
h zone
Term
in the the center of the h zone, and contains tiny rods that hold thick filaments together
Definition
m line
Term
region with only thin filaments, and lies within two adjacent sarcomeres
Definition
i band
Term
dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; just deep to fascia
Definition
epimysium
Term
endomysium
Definition
fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell
Term
perimysium
Definition
surrounds each fasicle
Term
group of muscle fibers
Definition
fascicle
Term
plasma membrane of muscle cell
Definition
sarcolemma
Term
cytoplasm of muscle cell
Definition
sarcoplasm
Term
organelles that are aligned to give distinct bands and are long rods within the cytoplasm
Definition
myofibrils
Term
myosin filaments have heads which are known as extensions or _______
Definition
cross bridges
Term
actin filaments have two functional proteins known as...
Definition
tropomyosim and troponin
Term
covers cross-bridge binding sites when muscle is not contracting
Definition
tropomyosim
Term
has binding sites for calcium ions
Definition
troponin
Term
released when muscle is stimulated to contact
Definition
calcium ions
Term
specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
calcium ions difusing through the sarcoplasm trigger...
Definition
the sliding filament mechanism
Term
deep invagination of the sarcolemma of striated muscle cells
Definition
transverse tubule
Term
one neuron in which all muscle cells are stimulated by that neuron
Definition
motor unit
Term
activation by the neurons causes the myosin heads to attach to binding sites on the thin filament
Definition
the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Term
terminal end of axon that contains synaptic vesicle
Definition
synaptic bulb
Term
synaptic vessicle
Definition
vesicle that contains a chemical neurotransmitter
Term
neuro transmitter for skeletal muscle
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
rate of stimulation increases untiol relaxation phase is eliminated
Definition
complete tetanus
Term
prolonged, involuntary, painful muscular contractions
Definition
muscle cramp
Term
tears or breaks in a muscle
Definition
muscle strain
Term
wasting away of tissues from lack of use in poor nutrition or ischemia
Definition
atrophy
Term
the increase in the size of muscle cells
Definition
hypertrophy
Term
myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions and the muscle shortens
Definition
isotonic contractions
Term
tension in the muscle increases and the muscle is unable to shorten
Definition
isometric contractions
Term
the occurence of muscle fibers contracting in a relaxed muscle
Definition
muscle tone
Term
a high energy molecule in muscles which helps to regenerate ATP
Definition
creatine phosphate
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