Shared Flashcard Set

Details

The Mouth, Pharynx and Larynx
Mouth, pharynx and larynx
89
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/03/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Describe the pharynx
Definition
- Muscular tube that hangs down from the base of the occipital bone, anterior to the cerv vertebrae.
- Continuous inferiorly with the esophageus
- 3 muscular layers
Term
Name the 3 muscular layers
Definition
1. Inner mucosa
2. Middle fibrous tissue
3. Outer muscular layer
Term
What 3 structures does the pharynx communicate with, anteriorly?
Definition
1. Mouth
2. Larynx
3. Nasal cavity
Term
Name the 3 portions of the pharynx
Definition
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
Term
What are the borders of the nasopharynx?
Definition
Nasal cavity to the soft palate
Term
How does the nasopharynx communicate with the middle ear?
Definition
Via the tympanic/eustachian tube
Term
How does the nasopharynx communicate with the nasal cavities?
Definition
Via the nasal choanae
Term
What are the borders of the oropharynx?
Definition
From the soft palate to the hyoid bone
Term
How does it connect to the mouth?
Definition
Via the fauces
Term
What is the fauces?
Definition
The arch connecting the mouth to the pharynx
Term
What are the borders of the laryngopharynx?
Definition
From hyoid to esophagus
Term
Where is the opening of the larynx?
Definition
In the wall of the proximal laryngopharynx
Term
What structure protects the larynx?
Definition
Epiglottis
Term
Name the 3 sets of lymphoid tissue (tonsils) encircling the mouse and nose
Definition
1. Pharyngeal
2. Palantine
3. Lingual
Term
Describe the pharyngeal tonsils
Definition
Single tonsil, in posterior wall at the top of pharynx
Term
Describe the palantine tonsils
Definition
Paired, sit in the depression at the base of the fauces. Oval with upper and low pole. Rest on extremely thick fibrous base.
Term
Describe the lingual tonsils
Definition
Small clusters of lymphoid tissue found at the posterior part of the tongue
Term
What tonsils are easily removed via surgery?
Definition
Palantine
Term
Describe the tympanic tube
Definition
Connects nasopharynx to middle ear, originating in the lateral wall of the pharynx and terminating in the medial wall of middle ear
Term
(T/F) It is a part of the petrous temporal bone
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Its medial 2/3 are supported by cartilage
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) There is no mucosa found within the tympanic tube
Definition
False
Term
What are the two portions of the mouth? What separates these chambers?
Definition
1. Vestibule
2. Oral cavity (mouth proper)
- Separated by the teath
Term
What is the vestibule?
Definition
The area between the lips and teeth, lined with mucous membrane
Term
What is contained within the vestibule?
Definition
The opening to the parotid duct
Term
What is contained within the oral cavity?
Definition
The tongue
Term
Describe the makeup of the roof of the oral cavity
Definition
Made up of the hard and soft palate
Term
What makes up the hard palate?
Definition
The palantine process of the maxilla, and the paired palantine bones (post 1/5)
Term
Where is the soft palate found?
Definition
Posterior to the hard palate
Term
What is a prominent feature of the soft palate?
Definition
The uvula
Term
List the two groups of muscles of the tongue
Definition
1. Intrinsic
2. Extrinsic
Term
What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?
Definition
Alter the shape of the tongue, and form the body of the tongue
Term
Describe the organization of the intrinsic tongue muscles
Definition
Vertical, longitudinal and transverse muscle fibres, all intertwined
Term
List the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles, and which one is paired
Definition
1. Genioglossus
2. Hyoglossus (paired)
3. Styloglossus
4. Palatoglossus
Term
List the origin, insertion and function of the genioglossus
Definition
O: Genial tubercle on the inside of the mandible (
I: On the base of the tongue (fans out)
F: Pulls tongue forward
Term
List the origin, insertion and function of the hyoglossus
Definition
O: Hyoid bone
I: Both sides of tongue (one side for each muscle)
F: Depresses tongue laterally
Term
List the origin, insertion and function of the styloglossus
Definition
O: Styloid process
I: Side of tongue
F: Elevates and retracts tongue
Term
List the origin, insertion and function of the palatoglossus
Definition
O: Side of palate
I: Enters tongue
F: Elevates tongue
Term
(T/F) The tongue is covered by a unique mucosa
Definition
True
Term
What are the specialized processes on the mucosa of the tongue?
Definition
The papillae
Term
Where are these structures concentrated on the tongue?
Definition
On the top and sides
Term
What is the frenulum?
Definition
The structure on the underside of the tongue, connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Term
What is the suclcus terminalis? Where is it located?
Definition
The V shaped groove 2/3rds back on the tongue
Term
What is the function of the sulcus terminalis, and what is it related to?
Definition
Separates the tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
Term
Describe motor innervation of the tongue
Definition
All the muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, except the palatoglossus
Term
What nerve innervates the palatoglossus?
Definition
CN X
Term
Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue
Definition
Anterior 2/3: CN V for general sensation and CN VII for taste
Posterior 1/3: CN IX for sensation and taste
Term
What is the function of salivary glands? Name the 3
Definition
Produce saliva, which moistens and digests food
1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual
Term
Where are the parotid glands located? Where does it empty into the mouth? Describe its secretions? What nerve innervates it?
Definition
- In front of the ear
- Empties into the mouth opposite the second molar
- Mostly serous liquid
- CN IX via the otic ganglia
Term
Where are the submandibular glands located? Where does it empty into the mouth? Describe its secretions? What nerve innervates it?
Definition
- Rests around the angle of the jaw
- Opening at base of frenulum
- Mixed serous and mucous
- CN VII
Term
Where are the sublignual glands located? Where does it empty into the mouth? What nerve innervates it?
Definition
- Floor of each side of the mouth, lateral to the submandibular ducts
- Small openings in the floor of the mouth OR into the submandibular ducts
- CN VII
Term
List the teeth each half jaw contains
Definition
- 2x incisors
- 1x canine
- 2x premolars
- 3x molars
Term
Describe innervation to the teeth
Definition
Upper jaw: maxillary branch of trigeminal
Lower jaw: mandibular branch of trigeminal
Term
Where is the larynx situated? What structures does the larynx connect?
Definition
- Below the hyoid bone
- Connects the oropharynx with trachea
Term
What is the function of the larynx?
Definition
It is the organ of phonation (speaking)
Term
What gland is associated with the larynx?
Definition
The thyroid gland
Term
(T/F) The larynx has both internal and external skeletons
Definition
True
Term
List the components of the external skeleton
Definition
1. Thyroid cartilage
2. Cricoid cartilage
Term
(T/F) Thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage
Definition
True
Term
Describe the composition and shape of the TC
Definition
- Hyaline cartilage
- Shaped like a shield
Term
Name the 3 prominent features of the TC
Definition
- Adam's apple: anterior prominence
- Superior horns
- Inferior horns
Term
What are the superior horns associated with?
Definition
Approach the hyoid bone
Term
What are the inferior horns associated with?
Definition
Articulate with the cricoid cartilage
Term
Describe the shape of the cricoid cartilage. Where is it located?
Definition
Shaped like a signet ring (larger posteriorly); located inferior to the TC
Term
List the two components of the inner skeleton of the larynx
Definition
1. Arytenoids
2. Epiglotal cartilage
Term
How many arytenoids are there? How are they shaped?
Definition
- 2
- Shaped like pyramids
Term
What do they articulate with? Describe their movements?
Definition
- Articulate with the cricoid cartilage
- Rotate on the vertical axis (horizontal rotation)
Term
Name the 2 features of the arytenoids?
Definition
1. Vocal processes
2. Muscular processes
Term
What is the function of the vocal processes? Where are they found?
Definition
Attach to the vocal cords - located anteriorly
Term
What is the function of the muscular processes? Where are they found?
Definition
Attach to muscles - located posteriorly
Term
What type of cartilage is the epiglottal cartilage?
Definition
Elastic cartilage
Term
Where is the epiglottis attached to the larynx?
Definition
To the inside of the front of the thyroid cartilage
Term
(T/F) It is lined with simple squamous epithelium on its entirety
Definition
False, it is lined with RTE on its inferior surface
Term
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Definition
Protects the larynx during swallowing; swallowing causes the TC to elevate, causing the epiglottis to drop off and close off the laryngeal opening
Term
Name the 2 membranes of the larynx, and which is more superior
Definition
1. Quadrangular membrane (more superior)
2. Triangular membrane
Term
Describe the attachments of the quadrangular membrane
Definition
Anterior: sides of epiglottis
Posterior: Arytenoids
Term
(T/F) The inferior border of the quadrangular membrane is free
Definition
True
Term
What is this border called?
Definition
False vocal chords
Term
What are some other names for the triangular membrane?
Definition
1. Conus elasticus
2. Cricothyroid ligament
Term
Describe the attachments of the triangular membrane
Definition
Inferior border: attached to the cricoid cartilage
Ligamentous: attaches to thyroid cartilage and to the vocal processes
Term
(T/F) The inferior border of the triangular membrane is free
Definition
False, the superior border is
Term
What is the superior triangular membrane border called?
Definition
True vocal chords
Term
What is the rima glottidis?
Definition
The aperture between the vocal chords
Term
What changes the width of its opening?
Definition
Muscles acting on the artyenoid, cricoid and thyroid cartilages
Term
What is the largest muscle controlling the larynx?
Definition
The cricothyroid
Term
What cranial nerve innervates the larynx?
Definition
Vagus
Term
Describe motor innervation to the larynx
Definition
Motor innervation to all muscles except for the cricothyroid comes from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Cricothyroid comes from external laryngeal nerve.
Term
Describe sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords
Definition
Sensory innervation above the vocal cords is carried by the superior laryngeal nerves
Term
Describe sensory innervation to the larynx below the vocal cords
Definition
Sensory innervation below the vocal cords is carried by the recurrent laryngeal nerves
Supporting users have an ad free experience!