Term
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Definition
| The space between the lungs, in central part of the thorax |
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Term
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Definition
1. Superior
2. Anterior
3. Middle
4. Posterior |
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Term
| What 3 portions of the mediastinum comprise the inferior mediastinum? |
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Definition
| The anterior, middle, and psoterior sectiosn |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the superior mediastinum? What is found here? |
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Definition
- Region above T4/5
- Great vessels, trachea, esophagus, L/R vagus and the phrenic nerves |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the anterior mediastinum? What is found here? |
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Definition
- Below T4/5 and anterior to heard
- Fat and the thymus |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the middle mediastinum? What is found here? |
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Definition
- Below T4/5 and behind the anterior mediastinum
- Heart/pericardia, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and lower superior vena cava |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum? What is found here? |
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Definition
- Behind the middle mediastinum and in front of spinal cord
- Descending aorta, lower esophagus, root of lung, and technically the posterior thoracic wall structures |
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Term
| What two vessels join to form the L/R brachiocephalic veisn |
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Definition
| L/R jugular veins join with the L/R subclavian veins (respectively) to form the L/R brachiocephalic |
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Term
| What is the fate of the L/R brachiocephalic? |
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Definition
| Join to form the superior vena cava |
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Term
| What structure joins the SVC as it descends into the right atrium? |
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Definition
| The arch of the azygos vein |
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Term
| What does the ascending aorta arise from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two branches of the ascending aorta? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the ascending aorta turn into the aortic arch? What direction does the arch turn? |
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Definition
| As it leaves the paricardium; towards the left |
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Term
| What is the descending aorita? |
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Definition
| The portion of the aorta descinding into the thorax and abdomen |
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Term
| What is the first, second, and third branches of the aortic arch? |
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Definition
1. Brachiocephalic artery
2. Left common carotid
3. Left subclavian |
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Term
| What is the fate of the brachiocephalic artery? |
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Definition
| Bifurcates into the right common carotid and the right subclavian |
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Term
| What structures do the common carotid arteries supply? The subclavian arteries? |
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Definition
CC: the structures of the head and neck
SC: the upper limbs |
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Term
| What is the ligamentum arteriosum? |
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Definition
| A fibrous structure that runs from beneath the aortic arch to the T of the pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| (T/F) The ligamentum arteriousum is a vestige of the ductus venosus |
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Definition
| Faslse, it is a vestige of the ductus arteriosus |
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Term
| How does the descending (thoracic) aorta travel through the thorax? |
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Definition
| To the left of the vertebral column in close proximity to the trachea and esophagus |
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Term
| How many sets of vessels does the thoracic artery give off? Name them. How many are paired? |
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Definition
1. Intercostal arteries (paired)
2. Bronchial arteries (paired)
3. Esophageal arteries (unpaired) |
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Term
| List the 2 paired branches of the thoracic aorta in order from posterior to anterior? |
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Definition
1. Intercostal
2. Bronchial |
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Term
| How do the esophageal arteries leave the aorta? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it is a muscular tube carrying food from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Behind the trachea and to the right of the aorta |
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Term
| How does it enter the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Through the central tendon, at the level of T10 |
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Term
| What is located on the left, and right, of the esophagus? |
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Definition
| The left and right vagus nerve |
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Term
| Where is the thoracic duct located, in relation to the esophagus? |
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Definition
| Posterior, and to the right |
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Term
| How does the trachea enter the thorax? |
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Definition
| Through the inlet anterior to the esophagus |
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Term
| What 2 things comprise this airway? |
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Definition
- Cartilage rings
- Connective tissue |
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Term
| (T/F) This tube is a rigid tube |
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Definition
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Term
| At what level does the trachea bifurcate into the primary bronchi? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The cartilage structure underside of the bifurcation |
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Term
| What are the two main nerves in the thorax? |
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Definition
1. The two vagi
2. Phrenic (paired) |
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Term
| How do the vagi enter the thorax? |
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Definition
| With the common carotid arteries, and eventually become attached to the esophagus on either side. |
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Term
| Describe the route of the left vagus |
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Definition
| Runs around the left side of the aortic arch before heading for the esophagus. Finds esophagus and descends with it through the |
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Term
| Describe the route of the right vagus |
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Definition
| Enters the thorax in front of the right subclavian, passes behind major mediastinal structures to find the esophagus and follows it down to pass through thorax. |
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Term
| What branches does the left vagus give off? What is the location of each branch? |
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Definition
| 1. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve - at the level of the aortic arch |
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Term
| Describe the rougte of the left recurrent laryngeal |
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Definition
| Recurs around the arch of the aorta, and the ligamentum arteriousum, before traveling to the larynx |
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Term
| What branches does the right vagus give off? What is the location of each branch? |
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Definition
| 1. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve - level of subclavian artery |
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Term
| Describe the route of the right recurrent? |
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Definition
| Recurs around the subclavian artery and ascends on the right side of the esophagus, to the larynx |
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Term
| Where do the phrenic nerves arise from? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do they enter the thorax? Describe their route to their target? |
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Definition
| Enter thorax lateral to the vagi, and attach themsevles to the pericardium on their way to their target |
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Term
| What is the target of the phrenic nerves? |
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Definition
| The left and right domes of the diaphragm |
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Term
| What are the 3 important structures contained within the posterior thoracic wall? Which are paired? |
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Definition
1. Thoracic duct (unpaired)
2. Sympathetic trunks (paired)
3. Azygos/Hemiazygos veins (sort of paired) |
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Term
| What is the function of the thoracic duct? |
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Definition
| The largest lymphatic vessel, returns lymphatic fluid to blood flow. |
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Term
| Where does the thoracic duct take lymph from and to? |
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Definition
| Cisterna chyli to the subclavian vein as it joins the internal jugular vein. |
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Term
| How does it pass through the thorax? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what level does it cross to the left side of the thorax? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 splanchnic nerves originating from the sympathetic trunks in the thorax? Which ganglia does each supply innervation to? |
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Definition
1. Greater - celiac
2. Lesser - superior
3. Least - renal |
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Term
| How do the azygos, and hemizygos veins empty into the SVC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the hemizygos veins? |
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Definition
| A series of veins that drains groups of intercostal veins (usually 4 each), then crosses the thorax |
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Term
| What structure does the hemizygous vein drain into? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the path of the azygos vein? |
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Definition
| It ascends the right side of the thorax, draining the right intercostal veins as it rises. |
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Term
| What structure does the azygos drain into, and at what level? |
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Definition
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