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The Larynx pg. 179-206
pg. 179-206 Reading for 10/19 Study for Exam 2
82
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/18/2009

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Term
What Cartilage can be viewed as an expanded tracheal cartilage...
Definition
The unpaired cricoid cartilage
Term
The most inferior cartilage of the larynx?
Definition
Cricoid Cartilage
Term
The cricoid cartilage is approximately the same diameter as...
Definition
The trachea
Term
Important landmarks of the cricoid cartilage?
Definition
1. low anterior cricoid arch
2. Posterior Quadrate lamina
3. Cricothyroid Joints (Articular facets of the lateral surface)
4.
Term
The low anterior cricoid arch provides clearance for?
Definition
The vocal folds
Term
The Posterior Quadrate Lamina provides articulation for?
Definition
The arytenoid cartlages
Term
The oblique arytenoid muscles are superficial to...
Definition
the transverse arytenoid muscle
Term
What are the three muscles of adduction in the larynx?
Definition
1) Lateral cricoarytenoid
2) Transverse arytenoid
3) Oblique arytenoid
Term
What is the muscle of abduction in the larynx?
Definition
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
Term
What are the tensor muscles of the larynx?
Definition
Thyrovocalis (medial thyroarytenoid)
Cricothyroid, pars recta, and pars oblique
Term
Relaxer intrinsic larynx muscle?
Definition
Thyromuscularis (lateral thyroarytenoid)
Term
Intrinsic auxiliary musculature of the larynx?
Definition
thyroepiglotticus
superior thyroarytenoid
thyroarytenoid
aryepiglotticus
Term
Which intrinsic muscles of the larynx compress the medial portions of the VF?
Definition
The Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscles
Term
Which unpaired intrinsic laryngeal muscle is a band of fibers which spanning the posterior surface of both the arytenoid cartilages?
Definition
The Transverse arytenoid muscle
Term
Which two intrinsic laryngeal muscles make up the interarytenoid muscles?
Definition
The Transverse arytenoid muscles and the oblique arytenoid muscles.
Term
Define Medial Compression
Definition
The degree of force that may be applied by the vocal folds at their point of contact.
Term
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle pulls the apex of the arytenoids medially?
Definition
The oblique arytenoid muscles
Term
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle forms an X shape?
Definition
The oblique arytenoid muscle
Term
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscles are responsible for the adduction of the VF's?
Definition
The Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscles
Term
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle depresses the thyroid relative to the cricoid and tenses VF's
Definition
The Cricothyroid muscle
Term
Name the two heads of the cricothyroid muscle
Definition
pars oblique and pars recta
Term
Which head of the cricothyroid cartilage originates on the anterior surface of the cricoid cartilage immediately below the arch?
Definition
The Pars Recta
Term
Contraction of which head of the cricothyroid muscle rocks the thyroid cartilage down?
Definition
The pars recta
Term
The thyrovocalis muscle is actually the...
Definition
medial muscle of the VF's
Term
Two parts of the Thyroarytenoid muscle
Definition
• Thyrovocallis – a tensor
• White
• Wants to tense
• Thyromuscularis - a relaxer
• Pink
• Relaxes and brings muscle back to a shorter position
Term
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle dilates airway?
Definition
Thyroepiglottic
Term
Which two muscles make up the muscular portion of the VF's?
Definition
Thyrovocalis & Thryomuscularis
Term
Name the three laryngeal elevators.
Definition
Digastricus Muscle
Stylohyoid Muscle
Mylohyoid Muscle
Term
Which laryngeal elevator is composed of two separate bellies joined by an intermediate tendon.
Definition
Diagastricus Muscle
Term
Which laryngeal elevator forms the floor of the oral cavity?
Definition
Mylohyoid Muscle
Term
Which Intrinsic muscle runs from chin to hyoid bone?
Definition
Geneohyoid.
Term
Which Intrinsic muscle elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible?
Definition
Geniohyoid
Term
Which muscle goes from the hyoid bone to the tongue and elevates the hyoid while depressing the tongue?
Definition
Hyoglossis
Term
Which intrinsic muscle makes up the bulk of the underside of the tongue?
Definition
Geneoglossis Muscle
Term
Name the three hyoid elevators
Definition
Genioglossis Muscle
Hyoglossus Muscle
Geniohoid Muscle
Term
Point of articulation for the cricothyroid joint?
Definition
Articular facets on the lateral surfaces of the cricoid and the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage.
Term
The prominent anterior surface of thyroid cartilage where the two laminae meet is called?
Definition
The Thyroid Angle
Term
The posterior aspect of the thyroid is open and characterized by two sets of...
Definition
Cornu (Superior & Inferior)
Term
What small cartilage found in some individuals ma be found between the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone?
Definition
Triticeal Cartilage
Term
The inferior cornua of the thyroid cartilage articulate with the...
Definition
Cricoid Cartilage
Term
The superior cornua of the thyroid cartilage articulate with...
Definition
the hyoid bone.
Term
The arytenoid cartilages reside on...
Definition
the posterolateral surface of the cricoid cartilage
Term
The Vocal Folds attach...
Definition
in the anterior to the posterior side of the thyroid notch and in the posterior to the vocal processes of the arytenoids.
Term
The corniculate cartilages sit atop the...
Definition
superior surfaces of each arytenoid cartilage.
Term
What are the names of the two arytenoid processes?
Definition
Vocal & Muscular
Term
The epiglottis is attached to the thyroid cartilage by means of the...
Definition
thyroepiglottic ligament
Term
The epiglottis is attached to the arytenoid cartilages via the...
Definition
aryepiglottic folds.
Term
The aryepiglottic folds are the product of
Definition
the membranous lining being draped over muscle and connective tissue.
Term
The epiglottis is attached to the tongue by means of the...
Definition
median glosso-epiglottic fold and the paired latera glosso-epiglottic ligaments.
Term
The juncture between the epiglottis and the tongue forms a...
Definition
valleculae.
Term
Define: Pyriform Sinuses
Definition
small fossae between the aryepiglottic folds medially and the mucous lining of the thyroid cartilage.
Term
Together the pyriform sinuses and the valleculae are called the...
Definition
pharyngeal recesses
Term
The epiglottis is attached to the hyoid bone via the...
Definition
hyoepiglottic ligament
Term
Small cartilages embedded within the aryepiglottic folds?
Definition
Cuneiform Cartilages
Term
What structure forms the union between the larynx and the tongue?
Definition
The hyoid bone
Term
What are the only two functionally mobile points of the larynx?
Definition
The Cricothyroid & the Cricoarytenoid joints
Term
The Cricothyroid joint allows the thyroid cartilage to...
Definition
glide forward and backward.
Term
The movement of the cricothyroid joint provides major adjustment for...
Definition
change in vocal pitch.
Term
When the cricoid and thyroid move toward each other in front the arytenoid cartilages...
Definition
move farther apart tensing the vocal folds
Term
The concave base of the arytenoid cartilages articulated with the smooth convex superior surface permits what kind of movement?
Definition
rocking gliding and perhaps, minimal rotation.
Term
The rocking action of the cricoarytenoid brings the vocal processes together which allows the vocal folds to...

The gliding movement of the cricoarytenoid joint facilitates changes in...
Definition
approximate (make contact)

Vocal fold length.
Term
The combination of the movement of the cricoarytenoid joint provides the mechanism for...
Definition
vocal fold abduction and and approximation.
Term
The Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle:
Definition
Attaches to: the superior lateral surface of the cricoid and the muscular process of the arytenoid

Function: adducts VF's and increases medial compression by causing the muscular process to move forward and medially
Term
The Transverse Arytenoid muscle
Definition
Attaches: lateral margin of posterior arytenoid to lateral margin of posterior surface of opposite arytenoid

Function: adducts VF's by pulling arytenoids closer together
Term
Oblique Arytenoid Muscles
Definition
Attaches: Posterior base of the muscular process to apex of opposite artenoid

Function: promotes adduction and enforces medial compression by pulling the apex medially

Also works with the aryepiglottic muscle to pull the epiglottis over the larynx
Term
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
Definition
Attaches: posterior cricoid lamina to posterior aspect of the muscular process of the arytenoids

Function: abducts VF's by rocking the artenoid cartilages laterally
Term
Cricothyroid Muscle
Definition
Attaches: Pars Recta: anterior surface of cricoid & lower surface of the thyroid lamina

Pars oblique: anterior surface of the cricoid & thyroid cartilage between laminae and inferior horns

Depresses thyroid relative to cricoid; tenses VF's
Term
Thyrovocalis Muscle
Definition
Medial portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle

Attaches: posterior surface of thyroid & lateral surface of vocal processes

Function: tenses VF's by pulling the front of the cricoid and thyroid farther apart
Term
Thyromuscularis Muscle
Definition
Lateral portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle

Attaches: Posterior surface of the thyroid & base and muscular process of arytenoid

Function: Relaxes the VF's by pulling the arytenoid toward the thyroid cartilage
Term
What is the primary muscle responsible for the change of vocal fundamental frequency?
Definition
Cricothyroid
Term
The three Auxiliary Muscles
Definition
Thyroepiglottic
Superior thyroarytenoid
Aryepiglottic
Term
Thyroepiglottic Muscle
Definition
Attaches: Inner surface of thyroid notch at angle & lateral epiglottis

Function: Dilates the laryngeal opening
Term
Superior Thyroarytenoid Muscle
Definition
Continuous with the thyroepiglottis

Attaches: Inner angle of thyroid cartilage & muscular process of arytenoid


Function: Perhaps relaxes VF's
Term
Aryepiglottic Muscle:
Definition
Attaches: arises from the superior aspect of the oblique arytenoid muscle from the apex & the lateral epiglossits

Constricts laryngeal opening
Term
Hyoid & Laryngeal Elevators
Definition
Digastricus Anterior & Posterior
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Thyropharyngeus
Term
Digastricus Muscle
Definition
Composed of two separate bellies.

Anterior:

Attaches: inner surface of the mandible & hyoid

Function: draws hyoid up and forward

Posterior

Attaches: mastoid process of temporal bone & hyoid

Function: draws hyoid up and back

Function when working together: elevate hyoid
Term
Stylohoid Muscle:
Definition
Attaches: Stylohyoid process of temporal bone & corpus of hyoid

Function: elevates and retracts the hyoid
Term
Mylohyoid Muscle
Definition
Attaches: Mylohyoid line (inner surface of mandible) & corpus of the hyoid; fanlike

Function: elevates hyoid or depresses mandible
Term
Geniohyoid Muscle
Definition
Attaches: mental spines, inner surface of mandible & hyoid bone

Function: elevates hyoid bone depresses mandible
Term
Hyoglossus Muscle
Definition
Attaches: Hyoid bone, greater cornu and corpus & sides of tongue

Function: elevates hyoid; depresses tongue
Term
Genioglossus Muscle:
Definition
Attaches: Inner surface of the mandible & Tongue and Hyoid

Function: Elevates hyoid
Term
Thyropharyngeus of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Definition
Attaches: Thyroid lamina and inferior cornu & posterior pharyngeal raphe

Function: Constricts pharynx and elevates larynx
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