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The Larynx pg. 165-179
Reading for 10/19 Study for Exam 2
73
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/18/2009

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Term
Voiceless Phonemes
Definition
speech sounds produces without the use of vocal folds; e.g. the /s/ or /f/ sound.
Term
Voiced Sounds
Definition
speech sounds produced by the action of the vocal folds; e.g. the /z/ or /v/ sounds
Term
Phonation is the product of...
Definition
vibrating vocal folds which occurs in the larnx
Term
Phonation is the source of...
Definition
voice for speech.
Term
Energy source that permits phonation to occur?
Definition
Respiration
Term
The deepest layer of the vocal folds is?
Definition
Muscle
Term
There are how many layers of tissue in the vocal folds?
Definition
5
Term
The space between the vocal folds is called?
Definition
The Glottis
Term
The area below the vocal folds is the?
Definition
Subglottal region
Term
As the airstream passes through the vocal folds they may be made to...
Definition
vibrate
Term
Musculocartilaginous structure located at the superior end of the trachea
Definition
The Larynx
Term
The larynx is comprised of...
Definition
three unpaired and three paired cartilages bound by ligaments and lined with mucous membrane.
Term
The larynx sits atop...
Definition
the last ring of the trachea
Term
The larynx is adjacent to which vertebrae in an adult?
Definition
C4-6
Term
The average length of the adult larynx?
Definition
M: 44 mm
F: 36 mm
Term
The Cricoid Cartilage
Definition
A complete ring that rests atop the trachea and the most inferior of the of the laryngeal cartilages.
Term
The cricoid and thyroid cartilages articulate at...
Definition
the cricothyroid joint which allows the thyroid cartilage to rock back and forth.
Term
Which is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages?
Definition
The thyroid cartilage
Term
The arytenoid cartilages ride on the...
Definition
high-backed upper surface of the cricoid cartilage
Term
The posterior point of attachment for the vocal folds is formed by...
Definition
the attachment of the arytenoid cartilages and the cricoid cartilage
Term
The corniculate cartilages ride on the...
Definition
superior surface of each arytenoid cartilage.
Term
The corniculate cartilages are prominent landmarks in the...
Definition
aryepiglotic fold.
Term
The cuneiform cartilage resides within...
Definition
the aryepiglotic folds.
Term
Which cartilage provides a degree of rigidity to the ayepiglotic folds?
Definition
The cuneiform cartilage
Term
The thyroid cartilages articulate with the hyoid bone by means of...
Definition
a pair of superior processes.
Term
A leaflike cartilage medial to the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilages
Definition
the epiglottis
Term
Protective cover that drops to cover the orifice of the larynx during swallowing?
Definition
The epiglottis
Term
The larynx is composed of what 6 cartilages...
Definition
cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis cartilages and the paired arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages.
Term
Bands of mucous membrane, connective tissue, and thyrovocalis muscle that are slung between the arytenoid cartilages and thyroid cartilage.
Definition
The vocal folds
Term
The result of the combination of the laryngeal cartilages, the trachea, and the airway above the larynx?
Definition
A tubelike space with constriction caused by the cartilages.
Term
Describe the cavity of the larynx.
Definition
A constricted tube with a smooth and reasonably aerodynamic surface.
Term
The extrinsic ligaments of the larynx provide attachment between...
Definition
the hyoid or trachea and the cartilage of the larynx.
Term
What three extrinsic laryngeal structures cover the space between the hyoid bone and the thyroid/
Definition
1. The Thyrohyroid Membrane
2. Lateral Thyrohyoid Membrane
3. Median Thyrohyoid Ligament
Term
Triticeal Cartilage
Definition
A small cartilaginous nodule, sometimes bony, that is frequently found in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament
Term
Which two extrinsic laryngeal ligaments attach the epiglottis to the corpus hyoid and the inner thyroid notch respectively?
Definition
The hyoepiglottic ligament & the thyroepiglottic ligament.
Term
The epiglottic attachment to the tongue is made by means of the...
Definition
lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments.
Term
Valleculae (epiglottal)
Definition
"little valleys" between the tongue and the epiglottis created by the overlay of the mucous membranes on the lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments.
Term
The ligament that attaches the trachea to the larynx.
Definition
The cricotracheal ligament
Term
The intrinsic laryngeal ligaments serve what functions..
Definition
connect the cartilages of the larynx and form the support structure for the cavity of the larynx and the vocal folds.
Term
The fibroelastic membrane of the vocal folds is composed of...
Definition
of the upper quadrangular membranes and the aryepglottic folds; the lower conus elasticus; and the vocal ligament
Term
The vocal ligament is actually...
Definition
the upward free extension of he conus elasticus.
Term
Conus Elasticus
Definition
is the lateral portion of the cricothyroid ligament.
Term
The undergirding layer of connective tissue running from the arytenoids to the epiglottis and thyroid cartilage and forming the false vocal folds?
Definition
Quadrangular Membranes
Term
False Vocal Folds
Definition
These are a pair of thick folds of mucous membrane that protect and sit slightly superior to the more delicate true folds.
Term
Originate at the inner thyroid angle and sides of the epiglottis and form an upper cone that narrows as it terminates in the free margin of the arytenoid and and corniculate cartilages.
Definition
The Quadrangular Membranes
Term
Which muscles course from the side of the epiglottis to the arytenoid arytenoid apex, forming the upper margins of the quadrangular membranes and laterally the aryepiglottic folds...
Definition
The Aryepiglottic Muscles
Term
Pyriform Sinus
Definition
The space between the aryepiglottic fold and the thyroid cartilage
Term
What gives vocal folds their glistening white appearance?
Definition
The most superficial layer, a protective layer of squamous epithelium, aprox. 0.1 mm thick
Term
The superficial protective layer of the VF's aids in keeping the VF's moist by...
Definition
assisting in fluid retention.
Term
The 2nd layer of the VF's, which is made up of elastic fibers, is known as the...
Definition
superficial lamina propria.
Term
The fibrous and elastic elements of the superficial lamina propria _______ the VF's
Definition
cushion
Term
Deep to the superficial lamina propria, the second layer of the VF's, is...
Definition
Intermediate lamina propria.
Term
The combination of the superficial lamina propria and the intermediate lamina propria provides what for the VF's?
Definition
Elasticity & Strength
Term
Deep the intermediate lamina propria, the third layer of the VF's, is
Definition
the deep lamina propria.
Term
The primary role of the deep lamina propria is...
Definition
support.
Term
The intermediate lamina propira and the deep lamina propria combine to make up the...
Definition
vocal ligament.
Term
Deep to the deep lamina propira, the fourth layer of the vocal folds is...
Definition
thyroarytenoid muscle.
Term
What is the 5th layer of the vocal folds?
Definition
thyroarytenoid muscle.
Term
The active element of the vocal folds is...
Definition
the thyroarytenoid muscle.
Term
Which elements of the vocal folds are passive providing strength, cushioning, and elasticity/
Definition
the squamous epithelial layer and the 3 layers of lamina.
Term
The combination of of the epithelial lining and the disorganized first lamina lamina layer make up the
Definition
mucosal lining
Term
The vocal ligament provides what for the VF's?
Definition
stiffness and support.
Term
The entrance to the larynx from the pharynx above is called the...
Definition
aditus laryngis or aditus
Term
The first cavity of the larynx is known as the...
Definition
vestibule.
Term
The ventricular folds are also known as...
Definition
the false vocal folds
Term
The vestibule is the space between...
Definition
the aditus and ventricular folds.
Term
The lateral walls of the vestibule are made up of the
Definition
aryepiglottic folds
Term
The false vocal folds are made up of...
Definition
a mucous membrane and a fibrous vestibular ligament.
Term
The middle space of the larynx which lies between the margins of the false vocal folds and the true vocal folds is known as the...
Definition
laryngeal ventricle.
Term
Define: rima vestibuli
Definition
the space between the false vocal folds.
Term
The anterior extension of the laryngeal ventricle is the...
Definition
laryngeal saccule.
Term
The laryngeal saccule is endowed with more than 60...
Definition
mucous glands which secrete lubricating mucous into the laryngeal cavity.
Term
The mucus secreted by the saccule assists with eliminating...
Definition
errant food particles by encapsulating them.
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