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Standard Anatomic Position
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- Standing erect; head upright
- Facing forward
- Arms at sides
- Hands rotated with thumb outside, palm forward
- Toes forward; feet parallel
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| Toward the front (ventral: toward the belly) |
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Nearer to the point of attachment
EX: the elbow is proximal to the wrist |
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Farther from the point of attachment
EX: The ankle is distal to the knee |
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Toward the midline
EX: The naval is medial to the hipbone
--> <-- |
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Away from the midline
EX: The ears are lateral to the nose
<-- --> |
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Toward the outside of the body
EX: The hair is superficial to the skull |
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Toward the inside of the body
EX: The brain is deep to the skull |
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| Two dimensional shapes revealed where planes pass through and intersect solid objects |
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| Plane that runs vertically (straight up and down) from superior (above) to inferior (below) and divides structures into anterior and posterior parts |
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| Divides structures into right and left parts. It runs superior to inferior and is perpendicular to a frontal plane |
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(or horizontal plane)
It is one parallel to the horizon and divides structures into superior and inferior parts.
It runs from anterior (front) to posterior (rear), and is perpendicular to both frontal and sagital planes. |
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- Cranial cavity containing the brain
- Spinal cavity containing the spinal cord
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Chest cavity
Contains heart, lungs, and large vessels |
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| Most of the digestive organs and abdominal glands such as the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and most of the intestines |
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| Contains part of te large intestine as well as the reproductive organs |
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| Double-layered membrane that covers the heart |
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| Double-layered membrane that covers the lungs |
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| Double-layered membrane that covers many abdominal and pelvic organs |
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| Layer of each membrane that attaches to the organs |
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| Layer of each membrane that attaches to the cavity wall |
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| The space between the pleura that covers the surface of the lung and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity |
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| A space between the two pleural cavities, superor to the disphragm, inferior to the neck, posterior to the anterior chest wall, and anterior to the spine |
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| Arises rapidly, lasts a short time, and is accompanied by distinct symptoms |
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| Usually begins slowly with signs and symptoms that are dificult to interpret, persists for a long time, and generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication |
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| Direct, measurable observations by an examiner |
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| Complaints reported by the patient |
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| The study of changes in bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease |
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| Natural history and development |
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| The abnormal manner in which the incorrect function is expressed |
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| The strctural (anatomic) abnormality produced by injury |
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