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The Language of Form and Function
Chapter 1 pg 19-28
73
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/22/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Standard Anatomic Position

 

Definition
  • Standing erect; head upright
  • Facing forward
  • Arms at sides
  • Hands rotated with thumb outside, palm forward
  • Toes forward; feet parallel
Term

Anterior

(ventral)

Definition
Toward the front (ventral: toward the belly)
Term

Posterior

(dorsal)

 

Definition
Toward the back
Term
Superior
Definition
Toward the head
Term
Inferior
Definition
Toward the feet
Term
Proximal
Definition

Nearer to the point of attachment

EX: the elbow is proximal to the wrist

Term

Distal

 

Definition

Farther from the point of attachment

EX: The ankle is distal to the knee

Term
Medial
Definition

Toward the midline 

EX: The naval is medial to the hipbone

--> <--

Term

Lateral

 

Definition

Away from the midline

EX: The ears are lateral to the nose

<-- -->

Term

Superficial

 

Definition

Toward the outside of the body

EX: The hair is superficial to the skull

Term
Deep
Definition

Toward the inside of the body

EX: The brain is deep to the skull

Term
Planes
Definition
Imaginary flat surfaces
Term
Sections
Definition
Two dimensional shapes revealed where planes pass through and intersect solid objects
Term
Frontal Plane
Definition
Plane that runs vertically (straight up and down) from superior (above) to inferior (below) and divides structures into anterior and posterior parts
Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition
Divides structures into right and left parts. It runs superior to inferior and is perpendicular to a frontal plane
Term
Transverse Plane
Definition

(or horizontal plane)

It is one parallel to the horizon and divides structures into superior and inferior parts.

It runs from anterior (front) to posterior (rear), and is perpendicular to both frontal and sagital planes.

Term
Head
Definition
Cephalic
Term
Eye
Definition
Orbital
Term
Cheek
Definition
Buccal
Term
Nose
Definition
Nasal
Term
Ear
Definition
Otic
Term
Mouth
Definition
Oral
Term
Mouth
Definition
Oral
Term
Chin
Definition
Mental
Term
Neck
Definition
Cervical
Term
Chest
Definition
Thoracic
Term
Breast
Definition
Mammary
Term
Abdominal
Definition
Abdominal
Term
Naval
Definition
Umbilical
Term
Pelvic
Definition
Pelvic
Term
Loin
Definition
Lumbar
Term
Groin
Definition
Inguinal
Term
Pubic
Definition
Pubic
Term
Armpit
Definition
Axillary
Term
Arm
Definition
Brachial
Term
Front of elbow
Definition
Antecubital
Term
Forearm
Definition
Antebrachial
Term
Back of elbow
Definition
Olecranal
Term
Wrist
Definition
Carpal
Term
Hand 
Definition
Manual
Term
Buttock
Definition
Gluteal
Term
Thigh
Definition
Femoral
Term
Back of knee
Definition
Popliteal
Term
Kneecap
Definition
Patellar
Term
Leg
Definition
Crural
Term
Calf
Definition
Sural
Term
Ankle
Definition
Tarsal
Term
Foot
Definition
Pedal
Term
Heel
Definition
Calcaneal
Term
Sole of foot
Definition
Plantar
Term
Toes
Definition
Digital/phlangeal
Term
Dorsal Cavities
Definition
  1. Cranial cavity containing the brain
  2. Spinal cavity containing the spinal cord
Term
Ventral cavity
Definition
The diaphragm
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition

Chest cavity

Contains heart, lungs, and large vessels

Term
Abdominal cavity
Definition
Most of the digestive organs and abdominal glands such as the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and most of the intestines
Term
Pelvic cavity
Definition
Contains part of te large intestine as well as the reproductive organs
Term
Pericardium
Definition
Double-layered membrane that covers the heart
Term
Pleurae
Definition
Double-layered membrane that covers the lungs
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
Double-layered membrane that covers many abdominal and pelvic organs
Term
Visceral layer
Definition
Layer of each membrane that attaches to the organs
Term
Parietal layer
Definition
Layer of each membrane that attaches to the cavity wall
Term
Pleural cavity
Definition
The space between the pleura that covers the surface of the lung and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
A space between the two pleural cavities, superor to the disphragm, inferior to the neck, posterior to the anterior chest wall, and anterior to the spine
Term
Acute
Definition
Arises rapidly, lasts a short time, and is accompanied by distinct symptoms
Term
Chronic
Definition
Usually begins slowly with signs and symptoms that are dificult to interpret, persists for a long time, and generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication
Term
Signs
Definition
Direct, measurable observations by an examiner
Term
Symptoms
Definition
Complaints reported by the patient
Term
Pathology
Definition
The study of changes in bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease
Term
Etiology
Definition
Cause of a disease
Term
Pathogenesis
Definition
Natural history and development
Term
Pathophysiology
Definition
The abnormal manner in which the incorrect function is expressed
Term
Lesion
Definition
The strctural (anatomic) abnormality produced by injury
Term
Iatrogenic
Definition
Caused by a physician
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