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the integumentary system
skin
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/22/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 layers of the skin?
Definition
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous 
Term
What is the epidermis composed of?
Definition
it is keratinized, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and merkel cells
Term
What do keratinocytes do?
Definition
produce keratin to make skin waterproof and protects skin
Term
What to melanocytes do?
Definition
produce melanin, melanin clusters over nucleus protecting the cell from UV radiation
Term
What do langerhans cells do?
Definition
they are macrophagic cells for the immune response and come from bone marrow
Term
What do merkel cells do?
Definition
they create the sensation of touch by making connections with the nerve cells
Term
what are the 5 layers of the epidermis? from superficial to the deepest.
Definition
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale 
Term
What happens in the stratum basale?
Definition
the deepest layer, has a single layer of mitotically active cuboidal or columnar cells, scattered among the stem cells are langerhans and merkel cells. the keratinocytes migrate to the surface then shed. also produce cells which migrate into dermis to produce sweat and oil glands
Term
What happens in the stratum spinosum?
Definition
melanocytes transferring melanin to keratinocytes
Term
what happens in the stratum granulosum?
Definition
nuclei and organelles begin to disintergrate, keratinocytes are flattened and contain keratohyalin
Term
what does stratum lucidum contain?
Definition
contain eleidin(keratin intermediate)
Term
What does the stratum corneum contain?
Definition
most superficial, contains flat, keratin filled, dead cells
Term
How long does it take for the final shedding of cells from the stratum basale?
Definition
2-4 weeks
Term
What does the dermis contain?
Definition
CT containing collagen and elastic fibers, highly innervated and vascularized.
Term
what are the 2 layers of the dermis?
Definition
papillary region, reticular region
Term
What is in the papillary region?
Definition
superficial, areolar CT, dermal papillae that increases surface area and responsible for ridges, meissner's corpsucles in some dermal papillae that are free nerve endings that are sensitive to touch
Term
What is in the reticular region?
Definition
deep layer, dense irregular CT gives skin strength, elasticity, and extensibility. attached to underlying organs via the subQ
Term
What are the functions of the skin?
Definition
regulation of body temperature, protection, sensation, excretion, immunity, blood reservoir, synthesis of vitamin D
Term
What are the 4 kinds of glands in the epidermis?
Definition
sebaceous, sudoriferous, mammary, ceruminous
Term
What is a sebaceous gland?
Definition
holocrine gland, secreting portions lie in dermis, secretes sebum (fats, proteins, salts), prevents hairs from drying and excessive evaporation of water from the skin
Term
What is a sudoriferous gland?
Definition
2 types-apocrine and eccrine- both functionally merocrine glands, eccrine-most numerous(evaporative cooling function), apocrine- found only in axillary and pubic regions(not functional until puberty)
Term
WHat is a mammary glad?
Definition
modified sweat glands, milk production
Term
What is a ceruminous gland?
Definition
modified sweat glands in ear that secrete wax, can attach to sebaceous glands which combined secrete cerumen (barrier to foreign particles)
Term
What is albinism and what does it affect?
Definition
a disease in which a person has partial or complete loss of pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and hair. It affects the production of the enzyme tyrosinase which converts the amino acid tyrosinase into a melanin intermediate.
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