Term
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Definition
| a filamentous protein with a supporting function within cells, also forming, with myosin, part of a contractile mechanism that occurs widely in cells and is especially developed in muscle. |
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Term
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| a chemical which stores energy that can be released for use in the cell's metabolism. |
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Definition
| a cell specialized for fat storage. |
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Definition
| in the absence of oxygen. |
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Definition
| the possession by two organisms of similar structures or attributes that have evolved separately. |
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Definition
| a substance that prevents oxygen from combining with another substance. |
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Definition
| a substance produced by an organism in response to foreign substances or organisms, which binds to resultant antigens and neutralizes them. |
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Definition
| a substance which causes the production of an antibody. |
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Definition
| a region of a cell bounded by a membrane, within which parts its own substance is broken down. |
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Definition
| a virus which invades bacteria. |
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Definition
| a double layer of molecules; often used to refer to the structure of cell plasma membranes. |
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Definition
| any substance which is able to start the formation of cancer. |
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Definition
| the cell organelle around which microtubules of spindle fibers are organized in animal cell divisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the chromosomes at which its two chromatids can be seen to be joined during cell division; the chromosome is also attached to the mitotic apparatus at the centromere. |
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Term
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Definition
| movement by an organism or cell in response to a chemical stimulus. |
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Definition
| treatment of disease by chemical methods; usually refers to the treatment of cancer by drugs that are toxic to cancer cells. |
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Definition
| the organelle within a plant cell that contains chlorophyll and traps light energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| a fatty alcohol found as a constituent of cell membrane, and in other animal tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the two threads making up the chromosomes visible at some stages of cell divison. |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of DNA and histone of which chromosomes are formed. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the bodies within the cell nucleus visible at cell division that contains the generic materal in the form of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually motile processes at the surface of many animal and some plant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the cell that can be regarded as inside the membrane-bounded sacs of the endoplasmic reticulum, and within which proteins man by temporarily stored before export. |
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Term
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Definition
| to produce a group of genetically identical individuals by nonsexual methods of propagation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein often forming fibers; part of a body's supporting connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| a device to concentrate light on an object viewed through a microscope. |
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Term
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Definition
| folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. |
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Term
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Definition
| all of the contents of a cell apart from the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the supporting framework of a cell, made up of protein filaments. |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid part of the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| two cells which are the first generation product of a cell division. |
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Definition
| the formation of cells or tissues with specialized functions from originally unspecialized ancestors. |
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Term
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Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid, a complex molecule that carries genetic information. |
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Definition
| crosspieces between the microtubules within cilia and flagella, of importance in their movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes glands, or their secretions, where secretion takes place directly into the bloodstream, rather than through ducts; for example, the adrenal glands and gonads. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a cell takes in substances by engulfment. |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of membranous sacs within the cell which is the site of the synthesis of complex molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| a toxin produced by a bacterium, only being released when the bacteria cell wall breaks down. |
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Definition
| a protein which mediates in a chemical reaction within a body or cell, facilitating the reaction but, like a catalyst, not itself being consumed. |
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Definition
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Definition
| a hormone controlling the production of red blood cells. |
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Definition
| an organism made of cells which contain nuclei, also spelled eukaryote. |
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Definition
| describes glands from which secretion takes place through ducts; for example, sweat glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| the extrusion from a cell of cellular products packaged in a membrane. |
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Definition
| a toxin secreted by a bacterium to its exterior. |
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Definition
| a long wiplike contractile process of a cell or unicellular organism. |
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Definition
| the plant life in a particular location; also the normal collection of bacteria that can be found on a healthy body or in the gut. |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom or group of atoms which normally exists in combination with others in a compound, but is temporarily "free" and therefore highly reactive. |
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Term
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Definition
| the triplets of nucleotides along a DNA molecule that code for the sequences of amino acids that make up the cell's proteins. |
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Definition
| a scientist who studies the process of aging. |
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