Term
1. heart
2. blood vessels
3. blood |
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Definition
| what are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system? |
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Term
| acts as a double pump for transport system |
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Definition
| what is the function of the heart? |
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Term
| in the mediastinum (in periocardial cavity- found in mediastinum) (mediastinum is found in thoracic cavity, then thoracic cavity is in the ventral body cavity); 2/3 of heart lies to the left of the midsternal lines (posterior to sternum) (between 2nd rib and 5th intercostal space) |
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Definition
| where is the location of the heart? |
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Term
| great vessels (pulmonary trunk and aorta) |
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Definition
| exiting from the base of the heart, which faces the right shoulder are what? |
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Term
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Definition
| the apex, which points toward the left hip, is composed primarily of the left ventricle (diaphragm divides thoracic cavity from abdomen) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| along the edge and wall of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| along the edge and wall of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| house the lungs; extends further beyond clavicles |
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Term
| right and left atria and the right and left ventricles |
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Definition
| what are the four chambers in the heart? |
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Term
| pulmonary circuit; deoxygenated blood |
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Definition
| the right side of the heart is the (pulmonary/system) circuit which contains (deoxygenated/oxygenated) blood |
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Term
1. superior vena cava- deoxygenated blood from areas superior to the diaphragm
2. the inferior vena cava- deoxygenated blood from areas inferior to the diaphragm
3. coronary sinus- deoxygenated blood back from the heart wall-it require circulation (heart-set of arteries and veins as part of systemic circuit to serve it) |
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Definition
| what are the 3 things that run into the right atrium? |
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Term
| the heart wall is very thick which makes it hard for nutrients and oxygen to pass through so it has to have its own blood supply aka coronary circulation |
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Definition
| why does the heart have a coronary sinus? |
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Term
1. right superior pulmonary vein
2. right inferior pulmonary vein
3. left superior pulmonary vein
4. left inferior pulmonary vein |
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Definition
| what 4 veins bring oxygenated blood into the left atrium? |
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Term
| fossa ovalis (adult heart) |
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Definition
| what is the name for the remnant of the foramen ovale or oval foramen of the fetal heart? |
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Term
| right atrium to the left atrium; oxygenated blood is brought in from the umbilical cord--oxygenated blood goes through umbilical vein and dumped into the inferior vena cava which takes oxygenated blood into the right atrium (lunk are last organ to devleop-we don't need a lot of use from our pulmonary circuit); valve associated with hole-pressure changes and hole gets covered up |
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Definition
| where does the foramen ovale shunt blood from in the fetal heart and why? |
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Term
1. trabeculae carnae
2. papillary muscles |
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Definition
| what are the two types of muscle bundles found in the ventricles (both made up of cardiac muscle)? |
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Term
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Definition
| bundling ridges in the ventricles (like how the pectinate muscles were to the atria) |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of muscle bundle found in the ventricles; not up against wall but project like a cone into the middle of the ventricles; these muscles contract to take up slack in cordate tendae to hold on to the atrioventricular valve flaps to make sure they don't pop open in the wrong direction |
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Term
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Definition
| the atrioventricular valves shut when ventricles contract so blood doesn't go into the atria; this helps keep them close |
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Term
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Definition
| where does blood go after the right ventricle? |
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Term
| pulmonary trunk to the aorta |
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Definition
| where does the ductus arteriosus shunt blood from in fetal circulation? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus in the adult body? |
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Term
1. two atrioventricular valves (prevent backflow intro atria)
- tricuspid valve (aka right atrioventricular valve)
- bicuspid or mitral valve (aka left atrioventricular valve)
2. two semilunar valves (prevent backflow into ventricles) (both hae 3 flaps or cusps associated with them)
-aortic semilunar valve (found on left side between left ventricle and aorta)
-pulmonary semilunar valve (found between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk)
(not papillary or cordate tendonae associated with these valves! |
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Definition
| what are the four valves associate with the heart? |
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Term
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Definition
| aka the right atrioventricular valve |
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Term
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Definition
| aka left atrioventricular valve |
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Term
| the role of atria is to allow and push blood in/out- 70% of blood from atrias to ventricles does so passively because of gravity-then they give a little squeeze (30% of blood) to push blood back into the ventricles |
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Definition
| why does the atria have very thin walls? |
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Term
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Definition
| how much more resistance is in the systemic circuit compared to the pulmonary circuit?; both ventricles push out the same amount of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| true or false: it is not the contraction and relaxation of the papillary muscles that close and open the AV valves, but instead changes in pressure |
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Term
| the first sound is the closing of the AV valves and signifies the beginning of ventricular systole (i.e. when the ventricles contract) |
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Definition
| what makes the lub sound in lubdub |
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Term
| the second sound is the closing of the semilunar valves and signifies the beginning of ventricular diastole (i.e. when the ventricles relax) |
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Definition
| what makes the dub sound in lubdub? |
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Term
| the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, or coronary sinus--> right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) to right ventricle --> pulmonary semilunar valve--> pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries--> in pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) --> left atrium--> bicuspid valve (left AV valve; mitral valve)--> left ventricle--> aortic semilunar valve--> aorta and system arteries --> systemic capillaries, blood loses O2 and gains CO2 |
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Definition
| the pulmonary circuit starting from right atrium (note:the bronchial arteries and veins (will be much smaller) serve the systemic circulation system) |
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Term
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Definition
| is the arterial coronary circulation apart of the systemic or pulmonary circuit? |
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Term
| maximal blood flow to the myocardium (middle layer of our heart) (muscle of the heart) occurs when the heart is relaxed (i.e. diastole) |
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Definition
| when is the maximal blood flow to the coronary sinus? |
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Term
| myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack |
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Definition
| a result of obstruction or blockage of a CORONARY ARTERY; cadiac muscles-dont go through mnitosis and dont divide-if you kill off these cells-they dont grow back--only scar tissue that cannot contract will replace that cardiac muscle |
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Term
| intrinsic cardiac conduction system |
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Definition
| the cardiac muscle of the heart is able to depolarize and contract without impulses from the nervous system. its ability to do so is because of the what? |
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Term
| cardiac conducting cells or autorhythmic cells |
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Definition
| the intrinsic cardiac conduction system is composed of the 1% noncontractile cardiac cells called what; they are self-excitable; can generate an action potential without nervous system output |
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Term
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Definition
| the main cells of the intrinsic cardiac conduction system are organized into nodes and highly specialized conducting fibers called what? responsible for initiation and distribution of impulses throughout the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate of the intrinsic cardiac muscle contraction set by these pacemaker cells is altered by the sympathetic (accelerates or decelerates the heartbeat?) and by the parasympathetic (accelerates or decelerates the heartbeat?) division of the autonomic nervous system; hormones can also impact intrinsic rate |
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Term
1. sinoatrial node
2. atrioventricular node
3. atrioventricular bundle or Bundle of His
4. right and left bundle branches
5. Purkinje Fibers |
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Definition
| what is the excitation sequence that takes places in collectios of autorhytmic cardiac cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| pacemaker of the heart; determines heart rate through its sinus rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| impulse travels to the ____________; impulse delayed here for ~0.1s to allow for the atria to contract |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for the atrioventricular node of the excitation sequence |
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Term
| atrioventricular Bundle or Bundle of HIs |
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Definition
| impulse travels from atrioventricular node to the right and left bundle branches; only electrical connection between atria and ventricles |
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Term
| right and left bundle branches |
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Definition
| branches of the atrioventricular bundle; course toward apex of heart through interventricular septum |
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Term
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Definition
| finish pathway in interventricular septum, around apex of heart, and head back towards atria (have direct touch with papillary muscles) |
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Term
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Definition
| the dorsal cavity contains what? |
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Term
Ventral body cavity: Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity: two pleural cavities and the mediastinum (esophagus, thymus gland, trachea, also pericardial cavity that houses the heart)
Abdominopelvic cavity: abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity: digestive organs
pelvic cavity: pelvis, bladder, organs of reproduction, portions of large intestine |
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Definition
| how does the ventral body cavity work |
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Term
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Definition
| the walls of the cavity are covered with what type of membrane? |
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Term
1. parietal layer
2. visceral layer |
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Definition
| what are the two parts of the serous membrane? |
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Term
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Definition
| lines the walls of the cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| adheres to the surface of the organ |
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Term
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Definition
| a thin layer of this is located between the parietal and visceral layers to reduce friction when the viscera move |
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Term
| parietal pleural/visceral pleural |
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Definition
| lining the pleural cavity and the lung's external surface, respectively |
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Term
| parietal pericardium/visceral pericardium |
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Definition
| lining the pericardial cavity and the heart's external surface, respectively |
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Term
| parietal peritonuem/visceral peritoneum |
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Definition
| lining the abdominopelvic cavity and the external surface of the viscera located in the abdominopelvic cavity, respectively |
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