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The Heart Anatomy
left av valve, right av valve etc
73
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2012

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Cards

Term
all blood entering the aorta to supply systemic unit is
Definition
oxygentated
Term
why is the bp of the systemic circuit the highest
Definition
each time the left ventricle (very muscular) conrtacts it force blood through aortic valve at high pressure in order to open it and stretch the walls of the aorta.
Term
conus arteriosus leads to
Definition
pulmonary trunk
Term
MI: If blockage involves one of the smaller arterial branches, what are the consequences?
Definition
person may survive

reduced contractions, cardiac arrhthmias
Term
t or f the r & l ventricle pump the same vol of blood
Definition
true
Term
fcn of AV valves
Definition
allows blood to flow from atria to ventricle in one direction.
Term
muscles of ventricles
Definition
trabecuale carneae
Term
the outer appendage of atria is called
Definition
auricle
Term
the coronary sinus is located
Definition
right atrium
Term
the atria are thin/thick walled
Definition
thin
Term
how is coronary artery disease usually caused?
Definition
formation of a fatty deposit (atherosclerotic plaque) or blood clot (thrombus)in wall of coronary vessel.
Term
coronary sinus recieves blood from
Definition
great cardiac vein
posterior cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
anterior cardiac vein
Term
if the semilunar valves are closed, what is open?
Definition
the AV valve
Term
invasive procedures for an MI/CAD
Definition
coronary artery bypass graft

CABG
Term
noninvasive procedures for an MI/CAD
Definition
balloon angioplasty

cardiac stent

atherectomy
Term
heart attacks most commonly result from
Definition
from a condition called coronary thrombus
Term
infarct def
Definition
nonfunctional tissue as the result of a heart attack.
Term
pectinate muscles are located
Definition
auricle of atria
Term
fcn forman ovale
Definition
connects atria
Term
the cardiac skeleton description
Definition
four bands that surround
heart valves & aorta& pulmonary trunk
Term
right coronary artery supplies blood to
Definition
right atrium
portions of both ventricles
cells of SA + AV node
marginal arteries
posterior intervenetricular artery
Term
the anterior cardiac veins recieves blood from
Definition
right ventricle
Term
the chordae tendinae of AV valves are attached to
Definition
papillary muscles
Term
what is CAD
Definition
coronary artery disease
Term
ligamentum arteriosum def
Definition
the remaining portion of an important fetal vessel that linked pulmonary and systemic circuits
Term
the coronary sinus is located
Definition
right atrium
Term
special component in the trabeculae carneae of the R ventricle is the
Definition
moderator band (pt of conducting system)
Term
the free edges of the AV valves attach to
Definition
chordae tendinae (stringy stuff)
Term
the great cardiac vein delivers blood to
Definition
coronary sinus
Term
CABG
Definition
sm section of a sm. vein or artey is used to create a detour around obstructed coronary artery.

as many as 4 can be done

single
double
triple
quadruple
coronary bypass
Term
b/c plaques can reform after a balloon angioplasty is done what is the next option?
Definition
a fine wire mesh cardiac stent is put in vessel and hold it open.
Term
the left AV valve is called
Definition
bicupsid/mitral
Term
after birth the forman ovale becomes
Definition
seals off & becomes fossa ovalis
Term
coronary sinus delivers blood to
Definition
right atrium
Term
the great cardiac vein delivers blood to
Definition
coronary sinus
Term
coronary ischemia def
Definition
reduced circulatory supply from partial/complete blockage of coronary arteries
Term
MI: If blockage occurs near the start of one of the coronary arteries, what is the consequence?
Definition
widespread damage, heart may stop beating
Term
the cardiac skeleton fcn
Definition
stabalize valves

electrically insulate ventricular from atrial cells
Term
the great cardiac vein recieves blood from
Definition
area of anterior (left) interventricular artery
Term
the semilunar valves include
Definition
aortic & pulmonary
Term
atherectomy
Definition
blockage by a single, soft plaque

slender catheter inserted into artery to plaque
Term
name the muscles that support the semilunar valves
Definition
none
Term
side of aortic semilunar

side of pulmonary semiluar
Definition
extends from left ventricle

extends from right ventricle
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
part of coronary circulation becomes blocked and cardiac cells die due to lack of oxygen
Term
pulmonary trunk divides into
Definition
r & l pulmonary arteries
Term
location of aortic sinuses
Definition
base of ascending aorta
Term
t or f the right ventricle is at higher pressure
Definition
false, the left is
Term
what happens when AV valves close?
Definition
ventricles are contracting, which builds up pressure and AV close
Term
what happen when AV valves are open?
Definition
the atria are contracting

(meaning the ventricles must be relaxed)
Term
does the l. ventricle have a moderator band?
Definition
no, only the right ventricle
Term
superior end of r. ventricle
Definition
conus arteriosus
Term
structure of semilunar valves
Definition
3 half moon shaped cusps
Term
drugs to treat an MI or CAD are
Definition
aspirin, comadin: reduce clots

propanlol: block sympathetic stimulation

nitroglycerin: vasodilation

ca2+ channel blockers

pain relievers
Term
how can an mi be diagnosed
(not EKG),
Definition
blood test for enzymes released by damaged cells:

cardiac tropinin I & T
CK-MB
Term
coronary thrombus def
Definition
a thrombus (clot) formation at a plaque

which can narrow a vessel or block vessel from a smooth muscle spasm.
Term
proper name for a heart attack
Definition
myocardial infarction
Term
one of the first symptoms of CAD is
Definition
angina pectoris (chest pain)
Term
what is the most common form of angina pectoris?,
Definition
a temporary ischemia develops when work load of heart increases

(aka at rest feel fine
excercise : pain, chest constriction etc
Term
coronary disease
Definition
areas of of partial/complete blockage of coronary circulation
Term
the great cardiac vein also recieves blood from what other veins?,
Definition
posterior cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
Term
the anterior cardiac vein delivers blood to
Definition
right atrium
Term
the left and right coronary arteries orginate at
Definition
aortic sinuses
Term
fcns of connective tissue fibers
Definition
physically support cardiac muscle fibers

distribute contraction force

strengthen & prevent over expansion of heart

provide elasticity
Term
What prevents valves from swinging into atria?,
Definition
papillary muscles tense their chordae tendinae
Term
the AV valve allows blood
Definition
to be ejected from atria to ventricle
Term
the aortic sinuses orginate at
Definition
right & left coronary arteries
Term
the formen ovale located
Definition
right atrium
Term
foramen def
Definition
before birth it is an opening through interatrial septum
Term
the right AV is called
Definition
tricuspid
Term
the anterior cardiac vein
recieves blood from:
delivers blood to:
Definition
right ventricle; right atrium
Term
cardiac muscles cells are physically and electrically linked by?
Definition
intercalated discs
Term
cardiac muscle cells are electrically coordinated by?
Definition
gap junctions
Term
cardiac muscles cells are physically connected by?
Definition
desmosomes
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