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The Heart
Chapter 20
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/14/2011

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Cards

Term
Pulmonary circuit
Definition
Right side
Term
Systemic circuit
Definition
Left side
Term
Efferent vessels
Definition
arteries
Term
Afferent vessels
Definition
veins
Term
Exchange vessels
Definition
capillaries
Term
How much pericardial fluid is in the heart?
Definition
10-20mL
Term
Which "heart" has more force?
Definition
the left ventricle (6 to 7X)
Term
Diastole
Definition
Relaxation- ventricles fill w/blood via atrioventricular valves.
semilunar valves are closed and chordae tendineae are loose
Term
Systole
Definition
contraction.
AV valves: closed
Papillary m: contract
semilunar valves: open
Term
Describe the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue
Definition
intercalated discs: gap junctions
nuclei
sarcomeres w/myofibrils
Term
2 similarities between cardiac and skeletal muscle
Definition
1. action potential leads to appearance of Ca among myofibrils
2. binding of Ca to troponin on thin filaments to initiate contraction
Term
3 differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle
Definition
1. Nature of action potential
2. source of the Ca
3. duration of contraction (longer for heart)
Term
Basic steps of action potential in cardiac muscle
Definition
1. Na enters => rapid depolarization (Na channels close)3-5msec
2. Ca enters => Plateau (Ca channels close)175msec
3. K out of cell => Repolarization (K channels close) 75msec
Term
3 characteristics of cardiac myocyte contractility
Definition
1. cardiac m. is excitable
2. cardiac myocytes are autorhythmic
3. depolarize spontaneously w/out external stimulation
Term
P-wave
Definition
atrial depolarization
Term
QRS-T complex
Definition
Ventricular depolarization
Term
T-wave
Definition
Ventricular repolarization
Term
Ventricular standstill
Definition
P wave only
Term
Atrial standstill
Definition
no P wave (SA node not working properly)
Term
AV block- 2nd degree
Definition
atria and ventricles not communicating
Term
AV block- 3rd degree
Definition
current starting at bottom (assumption of blood being pumped)
Term
Ventricular premature complex
Definition
Came in early w/out signal from p wave
Term
Ventricular fibrilation
Definition
electrical activity occurring at random (person in unconscious)
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