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The Heart
Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Heart
28
Anatomy
Not Applicable
09/06/2020

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Cards

Term

How Large is the Human Heart?

Definition
About the size of your fist.
Term
What is the location of the heart?
Definition
Directly behind the sternum.
Term
General name for an abnormal structure in the body?
Definition
Patho-Physiology
Term
General Name for an abnormal function in the body?
Definition
Pathology
Term
Average Heart Output when at rest
Definition
1.3 Gallons per minute.
Term
Name of the circulation that provides blood to most of the body?
Definition
Systemic Circulation
Term

Name of the circulation that moves blood through the lungs?

Definition
Pulmonary Circulation
Term
What differentiates the arteries from the veins?
Definition
Arteries move blood away from the heart while veins bring blood back to the heart.
Term
Middle section of the body behind the sternum is given what name?
Definition
Mediastinum
Term
What is the general name for the coverings of the heart?
Definition
Pericardium
Term
Name of the outer covering of the heart
Definition
Parietal Pericardium
Term
Nature of the outer covering of the heart
Definition
Thick strong material
Term
Name of the inner covering that is attached to the outside of the heart muscle.
Definition
Visceral Pericardium
Term
What lies between the Parietal and Visceral Pericardium?
Definition
The Pericardial Cavity that is filled with a fluid that is continuously regenerated.  This fluid lubricates the heart and keeps it from being aggravated while pumping.
Term
Name given to bleeding inside the Pericardium cavity and what negative effect does it have?
Definition
Pericardial Tamponade.  Because the outer covering is thick and strong this is going to put pressure on the heart, making it harder to pump.  If not handled expediently can lead to heart failure (death)
Term
What is another name for the Visceral Pericardium?
Definition
Epicardium
Term
Name of the smooth surface inside the heart that is only a few cells thick?
Definition
Endocardium
Term
Name of the muscle of the heart that composes the bulk of the heart
Definition
Myocardium
Term
Unique Property of the heart that causes it to beat at a slow rate when removed from the body?
Definition
Inherent Rhythmicity
Term
What is the name and location of the 4 valves of the heart
Definition

Bicuspid Valve or Mitral Valve - on left side between atrium and ventricle

Tricuspid Valve-on right side between atrium and ventricle

Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve - In the Aorta that is supply oxygenated blood to the body.

Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve - Sits inside the start of the pulmonary artery that is pushing blood out to the lungs

 

Term
How much more pressure is on the left side of the heart compared to the right side?
Definition
About 4 times as much pressure and the muscle is 4 times thicker and stronger
Term
What is the name of the very fine tendons that connect to the Bicuspid and Tricuspid Valves?
Definition
Chordae Tendinea
Term
What is the name of the muscles that attach to the Chodae Tendinea?
Definition
Papillary Muscles - They allow for fine adjustments of the valves when closing
Term
Name of the arteries and veins that supply blood to the heart?
Definition
Right and Left Coronary Arteries/Veins
Term
When there is a blockage of one of the coronary arteries what is this called?
Definition

Myocardial Infarction

i.e. Heart Attack

Term
What percentage of the heart muscle is converted into something similar to nerves that carry the electro-chemical signal for beating?
Definition
1%
Term
What is the name of our natural pacemaker and where is it located?
Definition
Sino-Atrial Node - Sits in the upper right portion of the right atrium
Term

What is the name of the central node that slows down the electo-chemical impulse to the ventricles?

 

Definition
Atrio Ventricular Node - Sits around the center of the heart between the atrium and the ventricles - Acts as a road block that slows down the elect-chemical pulse allowing the atrium to fully contract prior to the ventricular contraction.
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