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The Heart
Chapter 18
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/07/2015

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Cards

Term
Stucture of the pericardium
Definition

superficial=fibrous pericardium

deep two layer serous pericardium=parietal pericardium,visceral pericardium(epicardium)

Term
Function of the Pericardium
Definition

protects and anchors

prevents overfilling

allows the heart to work friction free

 

Term
Epicardium
Definition
visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Term
Myocardium
Definition
cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart
Term
fibrous skeleton of heart
Definition
crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue
Term
Endocardium
Definition
endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface
Term
There are 4 great vessels. What are they?
Definition

vena cava (sup. inf.)

pulmonary veins (r. l.)

Aorta

pulmonary trunk

Term
What are the vessels that carry blood to the heart?
Definition

Vena Cava

Pulmonary veins

Term
What are the vessels that acarry blood away from the heart?
Definition

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

Term
What are the 4 Chambers of the heart?
Definition

Atria (r. l.)

Ventricles (r. l.)

Term
What are the 4 valves of the heart?
Definition

Atrioventricular (tri. bicuspid.)

Semilunar (aortic and pulmonary)

Term
What are the recieving chambers of the heart?
Definition
Atria (r. l.)
Term

Each atrium has a protruding _______?

(ear)

Definition
auricle
Term

Blood enter the Right Atria from where?

(3 terms)

Definition

superior/inferior vena cava

coronary sinus

Term
Blood enters the Left Atria from where?
Definition
Pulmonary Veins
Term

Ventricles are the______chambers of the heart.

Definition
discharging
Term
what kind of muscles mark ventricular walls?
Definition

papillary muscles

trabeculae carneae muscles

Term
What ventricle pumps blook into the pulmonary trunk?
Definition
Right
Term
What ventricle pumps blood into the Aorta?
Definition
Left
Term
Which ventricle has the thickest myocardium?
Definition
Left
Term
What do the Atrioventricular (AV) Valves do?
Definition
Ensure unidirectional blood flow throug the heart by preventing back flow into the atria when ventricles contract.
Term
Tricuspid valve lies where?
Definition
between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Term
where does the bicuspid valve lie?
Definition
between the left atrium and left ventricle
Term
What does the Chordae do?
Definition
Anchors AV valves to papillary muscles
Term
What are the two Semilunar Valves?
Definition

Pulmonary semilunar

Aortic Semilunar

Term
What is and what does the pulmonary semilunar valve do?
Definition

it is at the entrance to pulmonary trunk artery (to lungs).

prevents backflow to R ventricle

Term

What is and what does the Aortic semilunar valve do?

 

Definition

at enterance to aorta (to body)

prevents backflow of blood into L ventricle

Term
Pulmonary Circuit
Definition
blood to and from the lungs
Term
System Circuit
Definition
Blood to and from the rest of the body
Term
what carries blood through these circuits?
Definition
vessels
Term
arteries
Definition
carry blood away from the heart
Term
veins
Definition
carry blood to the heart
Term
capillaries
Definition
permit exchange
Term
Cardiac muscle is...
Definition
striated, short, fat, branched and interconnected
Term
What anchors cardiac cells together?
Definition
intercalated disc
Term
the conective tissue endomysium acts as both_______ and ______
Definition
tendon and insertion
Term
heart muscle act as one. Its a functional
Definition
syncytium
Term
What is heart muscle stimulated by?
Definition
nerves, and is self excitable
Term
Has a long absolute refractory period of____?
Definition
250 ms
Term
heart muscle contraction is similar to what other contraction
Definition
skeletal muscle contraction
Term
Authorythmic cells are also called
Definition
intrinsic
Term
Autorhythmic cells/intrinsic charactoristics?
Definition

-initiate action potentials

-have unstable resting potentials called    pacemaker potentials

-use calcium influx for rising phase of  action potential

Term
Autonomic Nervous System is also called?
Definition
Extrinsic
Term
Charactoristics of Extrinsic/autonomic nervous system?
Definition

-stimulated by the sypathetic    cardioacceleratory center

-inhibited by the parasympathetic  cardioinhibatory center

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