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The Heart 1
Anatomy and Physiology og the Heart (1)
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
01/08/2016

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Term
Parietal Pericardium
Definition
made up of the serous and fibrous layers
Term
Epicardium (aka VP)
Definition
contains adipose and coronary blood vessels
Term
Myocardium
Definition
has muscle spirals to produce wringing motion; provides structural support; anchor for valve tissue; insulator between atria and ventricles
Term
Endocardium
Definition
covers the valve surfaces and is continuous w endothelium of blood vessels
Term
Right AV valve
Definition
anterior, posterior, septal
Term
Left AV valve
Definition
anterior, posterior
Term
Moderator Band
Definition
connection in the right ventricle that prevents over-expansion
Term
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
Definition
right, left, anterior cusps
Term
Aortic Semilunar valve
Definition
right, left, posterior cusps
Term
Coronary Circulation
Definition
5% of blood pumped by heart is pumped to the heart itself
Term
Left Coronary artery (LCA)
Definition
branches off the ascending aorta into the Anterior interventricular branch (LAD) and the Circumflex branch
Term
Anterior interventricular branch (LAD)
Definition
supplies blood to both ventricles and anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
Term
Circumflex branch
Definition
passes around left side of heart in coronary sulcus; supplies left atrium and posterior wall of left ventricle
Term
Right Coronary artery (RCA)
Definition
supplies right atrium and SA node; branches off the ascending aorta into the Right marginal branch and the Posterior interventricular branch
Term
Right marginal branch
Definition
supplies lateral aspect of right atrium and ventricle
Term
Posterior interventricular branch
Definition
supplies posterior walls of ventricles
Term
Angina Pectoris
Definition
caused by ischemia of cardiac muscle; causes myocardium to shift to anaerobic fermentation, producing lactic acid as a by-product
Term
Myocardial Infarction
Definition
sudden death of a patch of myocardium caused by long-term obstruction of coronary circulation
Term
Atheroma
Definition
blood clot or fatty deposit; often obstructs coronary arteries causing cardiac muscle downstream to die within minutes
Term
Anastomoses
Definition
junctions of vessels, can protect against MI
Term
Ventricular contraction (systole)
Definition
blood flow to the heart is slowed due to compression of the coronary arteries, and is fully blocked when the Aortic valve opens
Term
Ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Definition
blood flow to the heart speeds up as blood in the aorta surges back toward the heart and into the openings of the coronary arteries
Term
Venous drainage
(Thebesian veins)
Definition
5 to 10% drains directly into heart chambers- RA and RV-
Term
Venous drainage
(Great cardiac vein)
Definition
travels alongside anterior interventricular artery; collects blood from anterior portion of heart; empties into coronary sinus
Term
Venous drainage
(Middle cardiac vein [posterior interventricular])
Definition
found in posterior sulcus; collects blood from posterior portion of heart; drains into coronary sinus
Term
Venous drainage
(Left marginal vein)
Definition
empties into coronary sinus
Term
Coronary sinus
Definition
large transverse vein in coronary sulcus on posterior side of heart; collects blood and empties into RA
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
striated, short, thick, branched cells, uninucleated surrounded by glycogen
Term
Cardiac Muscle
(Repair)
Definition
done almost entirely by fibrosis (scarring)
Term
Intercalated discs
Definition
mechanical junctions tightly join cardiocytes end to end
Term
Intercalated discs
(Interdigitating folds)
Definition
interlock with each other and increase surface area of contact
Term
Intercalated discs
(Fascia adherens)
Definition
broad band in which the actin of the thin myofilaments is anchored to the plasma membrane
Term
Intercalated discs
(Desmosomes)
Definition
weldlike mechanical junctions between cells
Term
Gap junctions
Definition
allow ions to flow between cells; can stimulate neighbors- entire myocardium of either two atria of ventricles can act like a single, unified cell
Term
Cardiac muscle
Definition
fatigue resistant because it makes little use of anaerobic fermentation or oxygen debt mechanisms
Term
Cardiac muscle
(Metabolism)
Definition
depends almost exclusively on aerobic respiration used to make ATP; rich in myoglobin and glycogen; huge mitochondria fill 25% of cell
Term
Cardiac muscle
(Fuel)
Definition
fatty acids (60%), glucose (35%), ketones, lactic acid and amino acids (5%); more vulnerable to oxygen deficiency than lack of any one fuel
Term
Nerve supply to the heart
Definition
medulla and pons regulate
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