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The Endocrine System
13
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/15/2008

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Term

What kind of glands are Endocrine Glands?

 

Where are the hormones secreted?

Definition

Ductless organs that secrete their molecules directly into the blood stream.

 

Blood stream and digestive tract

 

Do not activate nerves - use receptors on cells

Term

Compared to the nervous sytem, the endocrine system.........(5)

Definition
  • Slower response that lasts longer
  • widespread general effects
  • can affect any cell in the body
  • acts using hormones
  • Secrets into the blood stream
Term
What are the 9 organs of the Endocrine System?
Definition
  1. Pituitary Gland
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Thyroid gland
  4. Parathyroid glands
  5. Adrenal Glands
  6. Pancreas
  7. Thymus
  8. Gonads
  9. Hypothalmus
Term
What are the Functions of the Endocrine Glands?
Definition
  1. Long term reponses
  2. Hormones tigger specific physiological responses
  3. Controls 50 things a few examples are:

              Body Growth

              Reproductive organ growth

              Maintaines proper blood chemistry

              Rate of 02 use by bodies cells

             

Term
Hormones are:
Definition
Protiens that are messenger molecules released by endocrine gland that regulate specific functions.
Term
The three catagories of Hormones are:
Definition
  1. Peptides ( most common)
  2. Steroids (second most common)
  3. Biogenic Amines (Thyroid)
Term

What are peptide hormones made of?

Definition

Chains of amino acids

eg Growth Hormone

Term

What are Steroid Hormones made from?

Definition
Lipids, derived from cholesterol - they carry substances that can't be dissolved in water or the blood stream
Term
What are Biogenic Amines?
Definition

Produced by altering a specific amino acid

eg Thyroid hormone

 

Altered so it doesn't get incorporated into a protien

Term

How are hormones able to recognize their target cells?

 

What would happen if this recognition system failed?

Definition

Receptors on the cell

 

 

 

The presence of the hormone would not initiate any response

Term
Hypothalmus
Definition
  1. The endocrine control center
  2. Produces Oxytocin and ADH (stored in posterior pituatary gland)
  3. Secrets regulatory hormones
  4. Controls the ANS stiulation of adrenal medulla (epinepheron)
Term

Hypophysis is.....

 

Adenohypophysis is....

 

Neurohypophysis is.....

Definition
  1. Pituitary Gland
  2. Anterior Pituitary Gland
  3. Posterior Pituitary Gland
Term
What is the Adneohypohysis composed of?
Definition
Glandular Tissue
Term
What is the Neurohypohysis a part of?
Definition
The Brian
Term

What embryonic Tissues do endocrine glands develop from?

Definition

Collectively from all three layers

 

  1. Adrenal cortex - Mesoderm
  2. Pituatary - Ectoderm
  3. Thyroid - Endo derm
Term
Hypophyseal Portal System
Definition
  1. Capillary system of the hypothalmus empties into a portal vein which takes the blood and hormones produced in the hypothalmus down to the anterior Pituatary gland.
  2. The blood then is spread out in another capillary system where the hormones produced in the Hypothalmus are absorbed into the Anterior pituatary gland and the hormones released from the Adenophypophysis are released into the blood stream
Term
Thyroid Gland
Definition
  1. Butterfly shaped
  2. Inferior to larynx
  3. Largest pure endocrine gland
  4. Produces Thyroid Hormone & calcitonin 
Term
Increases in parathyroid hormone would have what effect on osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
Definition

Increase Osteo clast

Decrease Osteo blast

Increases blood concentration of Ca+

Breaks down bone

Term
Increases in calcitonin would have what effect on osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
Definition

Increase Osteoblast

Decrease Osteoclast

Lowers level of Blood Ca+

Builds bone

Term
Corticosteroids
Definition
  1. Act on immune system - block inflammation
  2. Impede the function of white blood cells
  3. Should not be used for long periods of time
  4. Used to treat

          Rheumatoid arthritis

          Lupus

          Inflammatory bowel disease 

 

Term
Where is the Pineal Gland located
Definition
Small pine-cone shaped structure at tned of short stalk on roof of diencephalon
Term
Pituitary Development
Definition

Anterierior pituitary - out pocketing of the ectoderm

Posterior Pituitary  - grows from developing hypothalamus

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