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The Digestive System (Ch. 23)
N/A
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/16/2011

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Term
What are the functions of the digestive system?
Definition
food consumption, convert digested food into nutrient molecules, absorption of nutrients into blood, elimination of wastes
Term
What is another name for the colon?
Definition
the large intestine
Term
What are the two functional divisions of the digestive system?
Definition
alimentary canal and the accessory digestive organs
Term
What is the path of the GI tract?
Definition
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and the anus
Term
the contents of the GI tract are considered ____ the body
Definition
outside
Term
What is another name for aliment?
Definition
nourishment
Term
What is the function of the accessory digestive organs?
Definition
physical and chemical breakdown
Term
Where is MOST of the stomach located?
Definition
the left upper quadrant
Term
What is the mesentery?
Definition
double layer of peritoneum that holds the nerves, arteries, and veins of the alimentary canal wall
Term
What is the submucosa made of?
Definition
elastic fibers
Term
What types of epithelium is the serosa made of?
Definition
simple squamous
Term
What are the four layers of the alimentary canal?
Definition
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, amd serosa
Term
What are the three layers of the mucosa?
Definition
epithelium, lamina propria (CT), muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)
Term
What are the two layers of the muscularis externa?
Definition
circular and longitudinal; both are smooth muscle
Term
What is another term for the serosa?
Definition
visceral peritoneum
Term
What are the six major locations of smooth muscle in the body?
Definition
iris, walls of blood vessels, respiratory tubes, digestive tubes, urinary organs, and reproductive organs
Term
Identify:
irregularly arranged thick and thin filaments (no striations)
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
What component of smooth muscle acts the same as the z-discs?
Definition
dense bodies
Term
Define peritoneum
Definition
serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
What is the purpose of mesentery?
Definition
holds organs in place, stores adipose, and route for vessels to and from organs
Term
What are the four examples of dorsal mesentery?
Definition
greater omentum, mesentery proper, tranverse mesocolon, and the sigmoid mesocolon
Term
What are the two examples of ventral mesentery?
Definition
flaciform ligament and the lesser omentum
Term
What is another name for the mesentery?
Definition
mesentery proper
Term
What type of CT is the oral cavity made of?
Definition
very thick stratified squamous
Term
What structure prevents objects from getting into the oropharynx?
Definition
uvula
Term
Describe:
internal muscles of the tongue (2)
Definition
change shape of the tongue; not attached to any bones
Term
Describe:
External muscles of the tongue (2)
Definition
change the POSITION of the tongue; attached to skull bones and hyoid
Term
What muscles maintains the tone of the tongue?
Definition
genioglossus muscle
Term
What is found the posterior 1/3rd surface of the tongue?
Definition
oropharynx and sulcus terminalis
Term
What is found on the anterior 2/3rds surface of the tongue?
Definition
Circumvallate papillae, fungiform papillae, and filiform papillae
Term
What is the purpose of saliva?
Definition
cleans teeth and dissolves food
Term
How much saliva is produced per day?
Definition
1.5 Liters
Term
What is the most abundant type of papillae on the tongue?
Definition
filiform
Term
the pharynx is part of what two systems?
Definition
respiratory and digestive
Term
What is the muscular composition of the esophagus?
Definition
top 1/3rd:skeletal
mid 1/3rd:skeletal and smooth
end 1/3rd:smooth
Term
What is the widest part of the alimentary canal?
Definition
the stomach
Term
Food is transformed into what in the stomach?
Definition
chyme
Term
What is the first site of protein breakdown?
Definition
the stomach
Term
What is another name for serosa?
Definition
visceral peritoneum
Term
How many layers form the stomach?
Definition
3
Term
What are the functions of the small intestine?
Definition
enzymatic digestion, nutrient absorption, segmentation, and peristalsis
Term
What are the three components of the small intestine?
Definition
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Term
What is the longest part of the alimentary canal?
Definition
small intestine
Term
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Definition
Duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum
Term
What are the plicae circularis?
Definition
permanent, circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa
Term
What are villi?
Definition
finger-like projections of the mucosa; covered with simple columnar epithelium
Term
What are the microvilli?
Definition
tiny, finger-like projections on the apical side of each simple columnar epithelial cell of the villi
Term
What is the purpose of the large intestine?
Definition
receiving undigested food from the SI; *absorbs water and electrolytes*; and passes feces out of the GI tract
Term
What is another name for the Large Intestine?
Definition
the colon
Term
What are the three specialized features of the large Intestine?
Definition
Teniae coli, haustra, and epiploic appendages
Term
What are the fat-filled pouches of visceral peritoneum that hang from the LI?
Definition
Epiploic Appendages
Term
Define Anus
Definition
transition from mucous membrane of the rectum to cutaneous membrane of the outside body
Term
What is the purpose of the goblet cells in the LI?
Definition
lubrication for defecation
Term
What organ is responsible for bile production?
Definition
the liver; stored in gallbladder
Term
What is the purpose of the gallbladder?
Definition
to STORE bile
Term
Describe the pancreas
Definition
Gland; exocrine: secretes enzymes for chemical digestion; endocrine: hormones for glucose regulation
Term
What are the intrapertoneal organs?
Definition
liver, stomach, ileum, jejunum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon
Term
What are the Retroperitoneal organs?
Definition
duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, and pancreas
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