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Bishops sold positions in the Church
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kings appointed church bishops. Church reformers believed the Church alone should appoint bishops.
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The term Gothic comes from a Germanic tribe named the Goths.
Unlike the heavy, gloomy Romanesque buildings, Gothic cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven.
Light streamed in through huge stained glass windows.
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| A holy war to reclaim the holy land of Jersualem |
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| Goal/Purpose of the Crusades |
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| The Crusades had economic, social, and political goals as well as religious motives. Muslims controlled Palestine (the Holy Land) and threat- ened Constantinople. The Byzantine emperor in Constantinople appealed to Christians to stop Muslim attacks. In addition, the pope wanted to reclaim Palestine and reunite Christendom, which had split into Eastern and Western branches in 1054. |
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| English King who fought in the third crusade |
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Saladin was the most famous Muslim leader of the 1100s. His own people considered him a most devout man. Even the Christians regarded him as honest and brave.
He wished to chase the Crusaders back into their own territories |
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| A long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims(Moors) out of Spain. |
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| Farmers could grow crops on 2/3 of their land and allow the last 1/3 to rest and obtain nourishment |
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| Organization of people in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members |
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| A time period in Europe where there was an increase in trade and business |
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| Merchant class town dwellers |
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Unified body of law
Created in England |
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*Created in England
*Signed by King John in 1215
*Created by English nobles and guaranteed certain basic political rights
*Limited the power of the King |
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French meeting between the three social estates classes
First estate- Church
Second Estate- Nobles/lords
Third Estate- All other French citizens |
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| Split or division of the catholic church |
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*A deadly disease in Europe , killed 25 million people
*Effects: Decrease in population and trade
*Also known as black death
*Spread from rats on trade ships landing in cities
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| *Fought between England and France over land the the throne |
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| Teenage French peasant girl who cut her hair and pretended to be a boy so she could fight for France against the English. |
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