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The Chemical Level of Organization
Sept. 30th - Lecture on Chemistry
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/01/2013

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Cards

Term
Where do chemical characteristics determine physiology?
Definition
At the molecular and cellular level
Term
Define atomic number
Definition
number of protons
Term
Define mass number
Definition

number of protons plus neutrons

 

Term
Define atomic weight
Definition
exact mass of all particles
Term
6 elements in the human body
Definition
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
Term
Define anions
Definition
gained one or more electrons
Term
Define cations
Definition
have lost one or more electrons
Term
Strong or weak?: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds
Definition

Ionic-weak

Covalent-strong

Hydrogen-weak

Term
Define nonpolar molecules
Definition
Electrons that are shared equally
Term
Define polar molecules
Definition
Unequal sharing of electrons
Term
What happens when energy is exchanged?
Definition
heat is produced, but cells cant capture it or use it for work
Term
What is AB=A+B?
Definition
Catabolism
Term
What is A+B=AB?
Definition
Anabolism
Term
What is hydrolysis?
Definition
H+HO comes after
Term
What is dehydration synthesis?
Definition
H+HO happens before
Term
What makes a reaction start?
Definition
Activation energy
Term
Difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Definition

Organic-based on carbon and hydrogen

Inorganic-not based on carbon and hydrogen

Term
4 Key properties that make water so important?
Definition
Solubility, Reactivity, high heat capacity, and lubrication
Term
What is a polar molecule surrounded by water molecule?
Definition
hydration sphere
Term
Difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic?
Definition

Hydrophilic=loves water

Hydrophobic=hates water

Term
What is pH and give a example of neutral, basic, and acid
Definition

pH is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Neutral=7.0 water

Basic=higher than 7.0 bleach

Acid=lower than 7.0 lemon juice

Term
2 ways to control pH?
Definition
salts and buffers
Term
4 important organic molecules?
Definition
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Term
What are lipids?
Definition

mainly hydrophobic

made of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Term
Explain saturated vs unsaturated?
Definition

saturated-no double bonds

unsaturated-1 or more double bonds

Term
What are the 3 things proteins do?
Definition

control anatomical structure and physiological function

determine cell shpae and tissue properties

perform almost all cell functions

Term
Basic elements of proteins?
Definition
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Term
Basic building blocks of proteins?
Definition
20 amino acids
Term
7 major protein functions?
Definition
support, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, coordination and control, defense
Term
Amino acid structure?
Definition
cardon, hydrogen, amino group, carboxylic acid group, and an r group
Term
Define denaturation
Definition
loss of shape and function due to heat or pH
Term
2 protein shapes:
Definition

fibrous-sheets or strands

globular-spheres

Term
Enzymes are:
Definition
catalysts
Term
Difference between glycoproteins vs. proteoglycans:
Definition

glycoproteins-large protein+small carb

proteoglycans-large polysaccharides+polypeptides

Term
What are nucleic acids?
Definition
large organic molecules, found in the nucleous, which store and process info at the molecular level
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