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The Cellular Level of Organization
n/a
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/21/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Connective Tissue

Definition

What type of tissue:

 

Fills internal spaces

Supports other tissues

Transports material

Stores energe

Term

 

Muscle Tissue

Definition

What type of tissue:

 

Specialized for contraction

Skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and walls of hollow organs

Term
Neural tissue
Definition

What type of Tissue

Carries electrical signals from one body part to another.

Term
Epithelia tissue
Definition

What type of Tissue:

 

Layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces.

Term
Specializations of Epithelial Cells
Definition

Move Fluids over the epithelium (protection)

Move fluids through the epithelium (pereability)

Produce secreation (protection and messengers)

Term
Maintaining the Integrity of Epithelia
Definition

Intercelluar connextion

Attachment to the basil lamina

Epithelial Maintenance and repair

 

Term
Intercelluar Connections
Definition

Cell Junctions

Form bonds with other cells or extracellular material

 

-occluding (tight)junctions

-gap junctions

-macula adherens (desmosomes)

Term
Occluding (tight) junctions
Definition

Between two plasma membranes

Adhesion belt attaches to the terminal web

prevents passage of water and solutes

isolates wastes in the lumen

Term

Gap Junctions

 

Definition

-allow rapid communication

-held together by channel proteins(junctional proteins, connexons)

-allow ions to pass

-Coordinate contractions in the heart muscle

Term
Macula Adherens (Desmosomes)
Definition

-CAMs, dense areas, and intercellular cement

 

Term
Spot Desomosomes
Definition

-tie cells together

-allow bending and twisting

Term
Hemidesmosomes
Definition
-attach cells to the Basil Lamina
Term

Clear Layer (lamina lucida)

 

Definition

- Thin Layer

-Secreted by epithelia

-Barrier to proteins

Term
Dense Layer (Lamina Densa)
Definition

-Thick Fibers

-Produced by connextive tissue

-Strength and filitration

Term
Squamous epthelia
Definition
Thin and flat
Term
Cuboidal Epithelia
Definition
Squared shaped
Term
Columnar epithelia
Definition
tall, slender rectangles
Term
Simple Epithelium
Definition
Single layer of cells
Term
Stratified Epithelium
Definition
Several layer of cells
Term
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Absorption and diffusion
Term
Mesothelium
Definition
Lines body cavities
Term
Endothelium
Definition
Lines heart and blood vessels
Term
Locations of Simple Squamous Epithelium
Definition

Location:Mesothelia lining ventral body cavities, endothelia lining heart and bloodvessels; portions of kidney tublues( thin sections of nephron loops) inner lining of cornea; alveoli of lungs

 

Functions: Reduces friction; controls vessel permeability; performs absorption and secreation

Term
Stratified squamous epithelium
Definition

Protects against attacks

Keratin protein adds strength and water resistance

Term
Location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Definition

Locations: Surface of skin, lining of mouth throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina

 

Functions: Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

Term
Simple cuboiidal epithelium
Definition
Secreation and absorption
Term
Stratified cuboidal epithelia
Definition
Sweat ducts and mammory ducts.
Term
Location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition

Locations: Glands; ducts; portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland

 

Functions: Limited protection, secreation, absorption

Term
Location of Stratified Cubodial Epithelium
Definition

Location: Lining of some ducts(rare)

 

Functions: Protection, secreation, absorption

Term
Transitional Epithelium:
Definition

-Tolerates repeated cycles of stretching and recoiling and returns top its previous shape without damage

-Appreance changes as stretching occurs

-Situated in regions of the urninary system (e.g. urinary bladder)

Term
Location of Transitional Epithelium:
Definition

Locations: Urinary bladder; renal pelvis, ureters.

 

Functions: Permits expansionand recoil after stretching

Term
Simple columnar epithelia
Definition
Absorption and secreation
Term
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Definition
Clilia movement
Term
Stratisfied colunar epithelium
Definition
Protection
Term
Endocrine Glands:
Definition

Release Horomones

-into interstitial fluid

-no ducts

Term
Exocrine Glands
Definition

Produce Secreations

-onto epithelial surfaces

-through ducts

Term
Modes of Secreation in Glandular Epithelia
Definition

Merocrine Secreation

Apocrine Secreation

Holocrine Secreation

Term
Merocrine Secreation
Definition

-is produced in the golgi apparatus

-is released by vesicles ( exocytosis)

- For example, sweat glands

Term
Apocrine Secreation
Definition

Is produced int he golgi apparatus

is released by shedding cytoplasm

for example, mammory gland

Term
Holocrine Secreation
Definition

Is released by cells bursting, killing gland cells

gland cells replaved by stem cells

for example, sebaceous gland

Term
Glandular Epithelia, types of secreation
Definition

Serous gland

mucous glands

mixed exocrine glands

Term
Serous Glands
Definition
Watery secreation
Term
Mucous Glands
Definition
Secrete Mucins
Term
Mixed Exocrien Glands
Definition
Both Serous and Mucous
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition

connect epithelium to the rest of the body(basil lamina)

Provide structure (bone)

Store energy (Fat)

Transport material (blood)

Have no contact witht he outside enviroment.

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