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The Cells
Cellular Level
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/08/2012

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Cards

Term
What is the Anatomical description of the Plasma Membrane
Definition
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer, has alot of proteins and cholesterol for stability
Term
The cell membrane is semi- permeable to oxygen, steroids, vitamins and alcohol TRUE OR FALSE
Definition
True
Term
What is passive process
Definition
When substances move down their concentration gradient without ATP
Term
What is active process
Definition
Uses ATP to move substances against the pressure gradient
Term
When particles diffuse through the membrane bi layer is is known as
Definition
Simple diffusion
Term
Proteins are needed to help particles move into the cell by way of
Definition
Facilitated diffusion
Term
Describe the term Osmosis
Definition
Movement of water from a high to a low concentration of water
Term
The term Tonicity refers to
Definition
Concentration of salt solutions in the blood
Term
A blood cell in a hypertonic solution leads to
Definition
Crenation
Term
A blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution leads to
Definition
The cell bursting
Term
Describe Centrioles
Definition
Needed for cell division and formation of cilia found in the nucleus
Term
Describe Ribosomes
Definition
Sites of protein synthesis, binded to the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Term
Describe Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Produces secretory and membrane proteins
Term
Describe Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Synthesizes fatty acids and steroids and detoxifies certain drugs
Term
Describe Lysosomes
Definition
Vesicles that contain enzymes which digest
Term
Describe the Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Modifies, sorts and packs proteins ready for transport
Term
Describe Protein Synthesis
Definition
Utilises information from the gene to direct the assembly of proteins
Term
Describe the process of Transcription
Definition
Takes place in the nucleus where MRNA copies instructions for the building of proteins in the DNA
Term
Describe the process of Translation
Definition
Takes place in the cytoplasm where MRNA attaches to ribosomes and intiates protein synthesis
Term
What is the importance of Mitosis
Definition
A cell replicates to produce more cells for growth and repair
ie: Skin cells
Term
Process of cell division
Definition
Mitosis
Term
Name the phases of cell division
Definition
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase (I Prefer My Anatomy Teacher.
Term
What is happening to the cell in the S phase (interphase) of cell division
Definition
The cell is resting and DNA is replicating within the cell
Term
What is Meiosis
Definition
Reproductive cell division
Term
Name the stages of Meiosis
Definition
Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Term
Why do cells need to divide
Definition
Growth and repair
Term
Name the stages of cell division
Definition
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase
Term
What is the cell doing during Interphase (S phase)
Definition
Cell is at rest, DNA is replicating within the cell
Term
What is the difference between DNA & Chromosomes
Definition
DNA has a double helix, a chromosome is tightly coiled
Term
What occurs during Protein Synthesis
Definition
Protein synthesis uses the info from our genes to direct the building of proteins
Term
What is the function of mRNA
Definition
Carries information for the building of proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes
Term
Describe the Interphase phase of cell division
Definition
The cell has not begun to divide but the DNA inside is dividing into two
Term
In what stage does DNA replicate
Definition
S phase or interphase
Term
What DNA bases pair up
Definition
Adenine = Thymine, Cytosine = Guanine
Term
What mRNA bases pair up
Definition
Adenine = Uracil, Cytosine = Guanine
Term
What is the process of cell division
Definition
Mitosis
Term
Describe Prophase
Definition
Centrioles move to the poles and direct making of mitotic spindle fibers
Term
Describe Metaphase
Definition
Chromosomes align in the centre of the cell
Term
Describe Anaphase
Definition
Chromosomes are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Term
Describe Telephase
Definition
Chromosomes break down and become chromatid
Term
What is Meiosis
Definition
Reproductive cell division
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