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The axilla, arm and forearm
Dissection area #3 from HB2
17
Anatomy
Professional
10/19/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

teres minor

Definition

origin: middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

 

insertion: inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus

 

nerve: axillary nerve

 

artery: circumflext scapular artery, subscapular artery

 

action: rotator cuff muscle; lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint. 

Term
Teres major
Definition

origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of the scapula

 

insertion: medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus on the anterior surface fo the humerus

 

Nerve: lower subscapular nerve

 

Artery: circumflex scapular artery, subscapular artery

 

Action:  adduction and medial rotation of arm 

Term
subscapularis
Definition

origin: medial 2/3 of the subscapular fossa

 

insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

 

nerve: upper and lower subscapular nerves

 

artery: subscapular artery

 

action: rotator cuff muscle, medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

Term
deltoid muscle
Definition

origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

 

insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

 

Nerve: axillary nerve

 

artery: deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery

 

action: abducts, adducts, flexes, extends, and rotates arm medially and laterally

Term
biceps brachii
Definition

origin: long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head- apex of coracoid process

 

insertion: radial tuberosity

 

innervation- musculocutaneous nerve

 

artery: brachial artery

 

action: flexes forearm, supinates forearm, accessory flexor at the glenohumeral joint 

Term
clavicle fractures
Definition

-caused by indirect force through the hand/arm or direct fall on the shoulder

-weakest part= the junction between the middle and lateral thirds

-the sternocleidomastoid will bring the medial 2/3 up so it sticks out and also the shoulder will drop

-in younger children you get a greenstick fracture; one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent.

Term
Fracures of humerus (nerves that may be affected)
Definition

Surgical neck: axillary nerve

radial groove:  radial nerve

distal end of the humerus: median nerve

medial epicondyle: ulnar nerve

Term
5 types of fractures of the humerus
Definition

1.  fractures of the surgical neck-  most common in elderly, often impacted (compact bone from one fragment gets jammed in trabecular bone of the other fragment), results from a minor fall on the hand. 

 

2.  Avulsion fracture of the greater tubercle of humerus-  greater tubercle is torn away bc of fall on the acromion fall on the hand when arm is abducted. The subscapularis rotates the humerus medially.

 

3.  Transverse fracture of the shaft of the humerus- direct blow to the arm.  The deltoid abducts the proximal fragment.

 

4.  Spiral fracture of the humeral shaft- fall on the outstretched hand

 

5.  Intercondylar fracture of the humerus-  severe fall on the flexed elbow.  The olecranon is driven btwn the condyles, seperating the humeral shaft.

Term
arteries branching off the subclavian artery
Definition

Internal thoracic aftery and thyrocervical trunk

sometimes suprascapular

Term
arteries branching off the axillary artery
Definition
superior thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, circumflex humeral (anterior and posterior), and subscapular.
Term
arteries coming off the subscapular artery
Definition
circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal
Term
arteries coming off the brachial artery
Definition
profunda brachii, superior ulnar collateral, inferior ulnar collateral
Term
brachialis
Definition

origin: anterior aspect of the humerus and adjacent intermuscular septae

 

insertion: tuberosity of the ulna

 

nerve: musculocutaneous nerve

 

artery: brachial artery and recurrent radial artery

 

action: flexes forearm at the elbow joint;

Term
coracobrachialis
Definition

origin: apex of the coracoid process

 

insertion: middle third of the medial surface of the humerus

 

nerve: musculocutaneous nerve

 

artery: brachial artery

 

action: helps in flexion and adduction of arm

 

 

Term
triceps brachii
Definition

origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle

lateral head- posterior surface of the humerus

medial head- posterior surface of the humerus

 

insertion: olecranon of the ulna

 

nerve: radial nerve

 

artery: profunca brachii artery

 

action: extends forearm.  Long head extends and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

Term
pronator teres muscle
Definition

origin: humeral head- medial epicondyle

ulnar head- side of the coranoid process

 

insertion:  roughening on the lateral surface midshaft of the radius

 

nerve: median nerve

 

artery: ulnar artery, anterior recurrent ulnar artery

 

action: pronation and flexion of forearm

Term
flexor carpi radialis
Definition

medial epicondyle of the humerus

 

insertion: base of metacarpals II and III

 

nerve:  median nerve

 

artery: ulnar artery

 

action: flexes and abducts the wrist

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