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The Axial Skeleton
description of axial skeleton
88
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/10/2016

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Term
1) protection for spinal cord and nerve roots
2) strong but flexible support for trunk
3) important in posture and support of body weight
Definition
3 functions of the vertebral column
Term
33
Definition
how many vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?
Term
1) 7 cervicle
2) 12 thoracic
3) 5 lumbar
4) 5 sacral
5) 4 coccygeal
Definition
what are the 5 different sections of the vertebral column?
Term
7 cervical vertebrae
Definition
what section of the vertebral column is a characteristic that all mammals have? (mice and giraffe for example)
Term
1) body
2) vertebral (neural) arch
3) vertebral foramen
4) spinous process
5) superior articular process
6) inferior articular process with articular facet
7) transverse process
Definition
what are the 7 typical parts of the vertebrae?
Term
body
Definition
the weight supporting portion of a vertebrae
Term
vertebral (neural) arch
Definition
the walls of the vertebral foramen
Term
lamina and pedicle
Definition
what are the two parts that make up the vertebral (neural) arch?
Term
the vertebral foramen from all the vertebrae
Definition
what forms the vertebral canal in which the spinal cord will go through?
Term
pedicles
Definition
what creates the notches for the intervertebral discs?
Term
intervertebral foramina
Definition
where do the spinal nerves enter/exit in the vertebrae?
Term
1) the body
2+3) the articular processes with our facets
Definition
what are the 3 points of articulation between the vertebrae?
Term
symphesis
Definition
what kind of joint is it between the bodies of the vertebrae?
Term
anulus fibrosus and nucleous pulposus
Definition
what are the two parts that make up the symphesis joint between the bodies of the vertebrae; also known as the intervertebral discs?
Term
intervertebral discs
Definition
acts as a shock absorber
Term
between C2 and C3
Definition
where is the most superior intervertebral disc found?
Term
between L5 and S1
Definition
where is the most inferior intervertebral disc found?
Term
synovial-- plane joint
Definition
what kind of joint is it where the inferior articular process and its facet articulates with the superior articular process and its facet?
Term
atlas
Definition
another name for C1
Term
another name for C2
Definition
axis
Term
transverse foramina
Definition
what is a characteristic of the cervical vertebrae?
Term
passage way for the verterbral arteries
Definition
what is the reason for the transverse foramina in the cervical vertebrae?
Term
bifid spinous processes (end splits in 2) (not so much in C2 and C7)
Definition
what is the name for the spinous process on the cervical vertebrae?
Term
atlas or C1
Definition
this vertebrae supports the skull
Term
occipital condyles of skull will articulate with superior articular facets
Definition
what are the articulation points between the skull and atlas?
Term
no
Definition
does C1 have a spinous process or body?
Term
C2
Definition
the strongest cervical vertebrae
Term
DENS or also odontoid process (looks like a tooth)
Definition
blunt like process on C2 in which C1 will rotate on
Term
atlantoaxial joint
Definition
what is the name of the joint between C1 and C2?
Term
pivot joint- allows you to perform the "no" movement
Definition
what kind of joint is the atlantoaxial joint?
Term
at the base of your nose (patients open mouth for x-ray to see C1 and C2)
Definition
where is C1 in terms of levels?
Term
thoracic
Definition
this vertebrae looks like a giraffe
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
what type of vertebrae only articulate with the ribs?
Term
the head of the rib and the body of the vertebrae; and the tubericle of rib and the transverse process
Definition
where is the articulation point on the rib and vertebrae?
Term
thoracic
Definition
the bodies of the these vertebrae have a heart shape
Term
synovial joints
Definition
what kind of joints are between the articular facets in the thoracic vertebrae?
Term
yes-- limits amount of flexion and extension we can do; they can slide past one another and allow for rotation
Definition
are the joints in the thoracic vertebrae in the frontal plane?
Term
lumbar
Definition
these vertebrae are in the small of the back
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
these vertebrae have massive bodies; kidney-bean shaped
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
these vertebrae look like a moose
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
the vertebral foramen are shaped like a triangle in these vertebrae
Term
sagittal plane (angle of articlar processes have shifted 90 degrees)
Definition
what plane are the synovial joints in the lumbar vertebrae in ?
Term
lumbar region
Definition
rotation is very limited (not allowed) in this region
Term
sacrum
Definition
this allows for transmission of body weight to sacroiliac joint to hip bones
Term
the posterior/anterior sacral foramina
Definition
allow for the passage of posterior and anterior spinal rami
Term
auricular surface (sacroiliac joint)
Definition
part of the sacrum that looks like an ear
Term
coccyx
Definition
"tail bone"
Term
goes away in the beginning of the 8th week in an embryo
Definition
when do humans have a tail?
Term
1) thoracic
2)sacral
3) cervical
4) lumbar
Definition
what are the 4 different types of curvatures in the spine?
Term
thoracic and sacral
Definition
these curvatures convex posteriorly
Term
cervical and lumbar
Definition
these curvatures convex anteriorly
Term
thoracic and sacral
Definition
primary curvatures
Term
thoracic and sacral
Definition
also called accommodation curvatures because it opens up space between thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Term
cervical and lumbar
Definition
secondary curvatures
Term
cervical curvature
Definition
this curvature becomes noticeable when infant begins to hold head erect
Term
lumbar curvature
Definition
this curvature becomes noticeable when a child begins to walk
Term
cervical and lumbar curvature
Definition
these curvatures are also known as the composition curvatures because they put our trunk in line with body's axis of gravity
Term
less because it is to increase the size of inferior pelvic aperture or pelvic outlet
Definition
is the sacrum curved more or less in females?
Term
kyphosis
Definition
exaggerated convexity posteriorly which usually occurs in the thoracic region; it often develops in elderly (more in women); humpback
Term
scoliosis
Definition
convex to the side (laterally); most common type; it occurs in 1/200 people, and females are more likely to have this than males; increases unequal growth on 2 sides
Term
lordosis
Definition
exaggerated convexity anteriorly; generally occurs in lower back (lumbar region); pregnant women generally develop temporary ______ (restoring line of gravity in bodies); obesity can also cause this
Term
sternum
Definition
breast bone
Term
elongated flat bone
Definition
what kind of bone is the sternum?
Term
1) manubrium
2)body
3)xiphoid process
Definition
what are the 3 parts that make up the sternum?
Term
manubrium
Definition
this part of the sternum is level with the T3-T4 vertebrae
Term
body
Definition
longest part of sternum; T5-T9
Term
xiphoid process
Definition
landmark for attachment of diaphragm; superior surface of liver; and right margain of heart
Term
jugular notch or suprasternal notch
Definition
the most superior part of the manubrium
Term
clavicular notches
Definition
lateral on the manubrium; articulation between axial and appendicular skeleton
Term
sternoclavicular joint
Definition
what is the name of the joint between the manubrium and clavicles? (also is the articulation between the axial and appendicular skeleton)
Term
sternal angle
Definition
where the manubrium and body of sternum come together; rib pair #2 are attached here
Term
xiphoid process
Definition
this part of the sternum is cartaliginous at birth and begins to ossify and unites with body around 40 years of age; may break off when given CPR
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
are ribs part of the appendicular or axial skeleton?
Term
elongated flat bones
Definition
what kind of bones are ribs?
Term
12
Definition
how many pairs of ribs are there?
Term
head, neck, tubercle, and shaft (body)
Definition
what 4 things make up the rib?
Term
head
Definition
part of the rib that is the flattened part that is found posteriorly; wedge shaped and has 2 sites of articulation
Term
body of vertebrae
Definition
where does the head of the rib articulate with the vertebrae?
Term
neck
Definition
what part of the rib lies between the head and tubercle? it also lies anterior to transverse process
Term
tubercle
Definition
on the posterior surface of rib; between the neck and shaft
Term
on transverse process of the vertebrae
Definition
where does the tubercle on the rib articulate on the thoracic vertebrae? (the # of transverse processes of vertebrae will share same number with the ribs)
Term
shaft
Definition
longest part of the rib and contains the costal angle
Term
costal angle
Definition
"angle of rib"; when we lie on our back; the weight of the thorax is being supported by this
Term
true ribs
Definition
ribs that attach directly onto the sternum via their own costal cartilage
Term
pairs 1-7
Definition
what pairs of ribs are considered "true ribs"
Term
pairs 8-12
Definition
what pairs of the ribs are considered false ribs
Term
pairs 8-10
Definition
these pairs of ribs have their costal cartilage attached to costal cartilge of rib just superior to it (indirectly attached to sternum)
Term
pairs 11-12
Definition
these ribs dont have an attachment to sternum; know as "floating ribs"
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