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The Axial Skeleton
Chapter 7
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/17/2015

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Cards

Term
How are true ribs distinguished from false ribs?  What are the differences between vertebrosternal and vertebrochondral ribs?
Definition

1-7 True Ribs: attach to costal cartilage then to sternum. (Vertebrosternal)

8-12 False Ribs: 8-10 attach to 7's cartilage. 11&12 are floating. (vertebrochondral)

Term
Improper administration of CPR can result in a fracture of which bone?
Definition

Sternum

Term
Why is it important to support your back when you lift a heavy object?
Definition

The lower back bears the most weight. Supporting your back will help keep the vertebrae in line.

Term
How is the atlas distinguished from the other vertebrae?
Definition
It articulates with the occipital condyles of the skill. ALlows to nod head. Lacks body and spinous process.
Term
How do the atlas and axis interact to allow for head movement?
Definition

Axis binds to inner surface of atlas. It helps to pivot the head.

Term
What purposes do the fontanelles serve?
Definition
They allow for growth in the brain/head. and allows changes in head shape during birth.
Term
Identify the names and locations of the major fontanelles.
Definition
[image]
Term
Identify the names and loctaions of the sinuses.
Definition
[image]
Term
There are ________ cranial bones, _______ facial bones, _______ auditory ossicles, and ______ hyoid.
Definition

8 cranial bones

14 facial bones

6 auditory ossicles

1 hyoid.

Term
If you were handed an unknown vertebra, how would you determine if it was thoracic or cervical?
Definition
Thoracic vertebrae have heart shaped bodies.
Term
Why does the vertebral column of an adult have fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?
Definition
The sacrum and coccyx fuse post puberty
Term
List the distinguishing characteristics of each type of vertebrae.
Definition

Cervical:1-7 small, spinous process, lightly built, tranverse foramen.

Thoracic:8-19 Heart Shaped body, articulate with ribs, spinous process projects inferiorly.

Lumbar: 20-24 Largest, between ribs and Sacrum, spinous process projects posteriorly

 

Term
Primary Spinal Curves
Definition

Primary: Thoracic, Sacral.

 
Thoracic & sacral
Appear late in fetal development

 

Term
Secondary Spinal Curves
Definition

Cervical & Lumbar

 

Appear after birth

 

Help shift the weight to permit an upright posture

 

The cervical curve balances the weight of the head

 

The lumbar curve develops when the baby learns to stand
Term
Identify the bones of the orbital, and nasal complexes.
Definition

Orbital: frontal maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, zygomatic, palantine.

Nasal: Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Maxilla, Lacrimal, Nasal bone, nasal conchae.

Term
Identify the facial bones and the bones of the skull.
Definition

Cranial: Frontal, parietal 2, occipital, temporal 2, sphenoid, ethmoid

Facial Bones: Maxillae 2, lacrimal 2, nasal 2, zygomatic 2, mandible, palatine 2, inferior nasal conchae 2, vomer

Term
List the functions of the axial skeleton.
Definition

1. Supports & Protects brain, spinal chord, and ventral cavity organs.

2. Provides surface area for the attachment of muscles.

3. Articulates, or forms joints, with appendicular skeleton

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