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The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin
-hardware, textiles,slaves sugar, etc.,one big circle ,different from the atlantic circuit,crammed people into ships |
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Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France nd England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies
-1550-1800
-developed colonies, rarely lived in them, hired indentured servatns at first, as a result, pop. rose rapidly |
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Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa
-1621-1794
-,a chartered company, from struggle w/ spain, controlled much of Brazils sugar region, proofited by supplying african slaves as well |
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In the West Indian colonies,he rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century
-small number, nearly all white, free blacks could enter commerce however, where most power resided |
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A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation
-North america, Brazil, and the carribean, 17th and 18th century
-later on white males, made for high quotas, were rewarded if goo with better food and clothes, overworked |
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An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas
-1550-1800
-almost half left died,1/3 of disease, only N.A pop. saw increase, plantations had to continue the cycle and get new slaves |
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A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave
-1550-1800,in the atlantic system
-some gave freedom to their children w/ slaves, more common in Brazil, could be bought, legal condition followed that of their mother |
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A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America
-1500-1800
-treaty in 1738, mostly in jamaca and hispanola, withstood attacks from the milita, were promised to be left alone |
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The economic system of large financial institutions banks, stock exchanges investment companies that first developed in early modern Europe.Commercial capitalism, the trading system of the early modern economy, is often distinguished from industrial capitalism, the system based on machine production. 1550-present
-used in america today,expansion of credit, monopolies became insufficient, originally for business deals in europe |
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European government policies of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country. The British system was defined by the navigation acts, the french system by laws known as the Exclusif
-discourages foreign trade, inspired charter companies, used armed forces for secure relations, seized sugar producing areas |
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A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa.
-from mercantilism, HQ at cape coast castle, promoted overseas trade, used force(military) |
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The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system
-1492-1550
-all the different routes, most went to purchase slaves, 3 "legs", went through middle passages |
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part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas
-killed most of the africans, dangerous for slaves and crews, lots of disease, dirty ships |
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A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade
-challenged status quo, ruled by indigionus muslims, drew wealth from trans-Saharan trade,sent military expidition of 4000 men |
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An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, the Hausa city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early nineteenth century.
-took over after songhai, attracted most caravans, resembled major african exports, similar to coastal trade system |
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A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. Also known as Kanem-Bornu, it endured from the ninth century to the end of the nineteenth
-ruled by same dynasty since 9th century, retained many captives, resulted from imported firearms, saw no moral impedilment to slavery |
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