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The Animal Cell
Chapter 3
23
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 1
10/17/2011

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Term
cell
Definition
the level at which all physiology occurs (nerve cell, muscle cell, etc.)
Term
tissue
Definition
epithelia, connective, muscle, etc.
Term
organ
Definition
kidney, heart, brain, etc.
Term
organ system
Definition
urinary, cardiovascular, neurologic, etc
Term
organism
Definition
dog, cat, horse, cow, etc.
Term
Eukaryotic cells have ____ nuclei
Definition
true
Term
what do the true nuclei in eurkaryotic cells allow it to do (3 things)
Definition
-nuclei allow for multi-cellular organisms to occur
-cells can specialize to form different kinds of tissues
-cells can pass genetic material from one generation to the next
Term
intracellular fluid
Definition
within the cell, holds all organelles and other structures
Term
extracellular fluid
Definition
outside of cell, contains nutrients, structural fibers, etc.
Term
cell membrane
Definition
controls passage of fluid from intracellular to extracellular. flow of everything in and out is tightly regulated. (imagine a pool crowded with people: each person is a cell and the water is the extracellular fluid)
Term
membrane processes
Definition
how stuff gets in and out of cell
Term
passive
Definition
does not require energy
Term
diffusion/osmosis
Definition
molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration
Term
only small molecules without a strong electric charge can _____ through the cell membrane
Definition
diffuse
Term
only ___ soluble molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane
Definition
Term
active
Definition
requires energy and used for large or electrically charged or lipid insoluble substances
Term
active transport
Definition
molecules pass through gates/channels
Term
endocytosis
Definition
things that leave the cell

(packaged into "balls" of cell membrane (vesicles) that fuse with surface to release contents to extracellular fluid)
Term
exocytosis
Definition
things that enter the cell

(substance engulfed by cell membrane which then releases contents into intracellular fluid)
Term
which five things pass through the cell membrane?
Definition
ions/electrolytes
nutrients
gases (oxygen, CO2, etc.)
cellular products (hormones, proteins, etc.)
waste products
Term
ions/electrolytes
Definition
any molecule that can carry/conduct an electrical charge

Ex: sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-)
Term
____ are very important to cellular homeostasis
Definition
ions
Term
resting membrane potential (aka voltage)
Definition
difference in electrical charge inside and outside of each cell

created by pumping ions across cell membrane (primarily sodium and potassium)

allows transmission of electrical charge (most important in muscle and nerve cells)
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