Term
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Definition
members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th centuries
fought with Catholics in France |
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Term
Chapter 6
Edict of Nantes |
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Definition
granted the huguenots substantial rights in France
end of religious wars-beginning of strong France |
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Term
Chapter 6
coureurs de bois |
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Definition
runners of the woods
French fur trappers that explored the New World |
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Term
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Definition
recruited Native Americans into the fur business
showed the shattering effect that contact with Europeans wreaked on traditional Native American life |
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Term
Chapter 6
King Williams War |
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Definition
1689-1697
England failed to capture Quebec |
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Term
Chapter 6
Queen Anne's War |
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Definition
1702-1713
England failed to capture Quebec |
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Term
Chapter 6
War of Jenkins's Ear |
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Definition
between England and Spain
fought mostly in Georgia-buffer colony |
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Term
Chapter 6
King George's War |
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Definition
New Englanders won Louisbourg
England gave it back, infuriating the colonists |
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Term
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Definition
French settlers
4000 were deported by Britain |
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Term
Chapter 6
French and Indian War
(Seven Years' War) |
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Definition
began in America
started inadvertantly by George Washington
fought in America, Europe, the West Indies, Philippines, Africa
British victory |
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Term
Chapter 6
Albany Congress |
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Definition
keep Indians on British side
achieve greater colonial unity
Franklin's plan for colonial home rule |
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Term
Chapter 6
regulars
(of the British kind) |
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Definition
professional British soldiers
stayed in America after the F&I War
aggrivated colonists |
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Term
Chapter 6
Battle of Quebec |
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Definition
1759
significant English victory in F&I War |
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Term
Chapter 6
Pontiac's uprising |
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Definition
Chief Pontiac led major attack against settlements (Detroit)
colonists gave them small pox blankets |
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Term
Chapter 6
Proclamation of 1763 |
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Definition
gave colonists a western boundary
they felt that they were being restricted and tensions rose |
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Term
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Definition
Lousiana was named after him
King of France from 1643-1715 |
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Term
Chapter 6
Samuel de Champlain |
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Definition
founding father of "New France"
good relationship with the Native Americans |
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Term
Chapter 6
Edward Braddock |
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Definition
experienced general
failed miserably to capture Fort Duquesne in the F&I War |
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Term
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Definition
Braddock's replacement
pretty much won the war for Britain |
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Term
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Definition
general in British army
very rude and condescending towards the colonists |
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Term
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Definition
Native American Chief in Chicago area
laid seige to Detroit in 1763
Pontiac's uprising |
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Term
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Definition
political theory of tepresentative gov based on the principle of pop sovereignty with a strong emphasis on freedom
alternative to monarchical rule |
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Term
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Definition
18th century British political commentators
against political corruption
greatly influenced colonial way of thinking |
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Term
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Definition
mother country took raw goods from colonies for free, made stuff from them, and sold it back to the colonies
greatly benefited mother country, colonies- not so much |
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Term
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Definition
Revenue Act of 1764
taxed foreign sugar
companion law for Navigation Acts (stricter) |
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Term
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Definition
| required colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers |
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Term
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Definition
required revenue stamps to be palced on printed paper in colonies
first direct tax
upset intellectuals
unified colonies |
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Term
Chapter 7
admirality courts |
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Definition
used to try offenders of Navigation Acts
colonists argued that it encroached on their rights- no juries |
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Term
Chapter 7
Stamp Act Congress |
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Definition
formed by James Otis
representatives from 9 colonies met in NY in 1765
stated that onnly col. elected reps. had legal authority to tax the colonists |
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Term
Chapter 7
nonimportation agreements |
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Definition
boycotts against British goods
used to protest: Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, and Intolerable Acts
super effective |
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Term
Chapter 7
Sons of Liberty |
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Definition
lead by Samuel Adams
spoke/acted out strongly against Stamp Act
tar and feathered tax collectors |
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Term
Chapter 7
Daughters of Liberty |
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Definition
counterpart to Sons of Liberty
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Term
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Definition
the Stamp Act was repealed- 1766
claims that Parliament has a right to tax and make laws for colonies |
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Term
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Definition
1767 taxes on tea, glass, and paper
allowed search of houses for smuggled goods with only a writ of assistance
suspended NY's assembly for defiance against the Quartering Act |
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Term
Chapter 7
Boston Massacre |
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Definition
March 5, 1770
Boston crowd began harrassing (verbally and physically) British troops
troops killed 5 people (Crispus Attucks- 1st martyr of the revolution)
troops were defended in court by John Adams |
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Term
Chapter 7
committees of correspondence |
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Definition
started by S. Adams in 1772
regularly exchanged letters regarding suspicious Brit. activities |
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Term
Chapter 7
Boston Tea Party |
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Definition
parlia. passed the Tea Act in 1773- lowered the price of British tea so that it was cheaper than smuggling in Dutch tea
colonists still refused to buy it
Dec 6, 1773- members of SoL dressed up like Mohawk Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor (worth $10000000000) |
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Term
Chapter 7
Intolerable Acts |
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Definition
Coercive Acts- Britains respons to tea party
Boston's port was closed (no trade)
MA charter was revoked
royal officials accused of crimes were tried in Eng.
expanded quartering act |
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Term
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Definition
allowed French residents of Quebec to retain their traditional political and religious institutions
extended the boundaries of the province southward to the Ohio River
colonists mistakenly thought was part of reaction to Boston Tea Party |
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Term
Chapter 7
First Continental Congress |
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Definition
after Intolerable Acts, all colonies except GA sent delegates to Philadelphia in 1774
purpose: determine how to react to taxes (NOT INDEPENDENCE)
included: Henry, S. Adams, J. Adams, Washington, and Dickinson |
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Term
Chapter 7
The Association |
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Definition
from 1st Continental Congress
called for a complete boycott of British goods |
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Term
Chapter 7
Battles of Lexington and Concord |
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Definition
April 18, 1775: General Gage sent a force to seize colonial military supplies in Concord
Paul Revere's famous ride (William Dawes too)
minutemen of Lexington faced regulars- 8 died
no one knows who started it (shot heard round the world)
on the way back to Boston 250 regulars were killed |
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Term
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Definition
after fall of Philadelphia in 1777, Continental Army spent the winter in Valley Forge
recieved European military training from Baron von Steubon
became much more professional |
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Term
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Definition
women and children who followed Continental Army during the war
provided cooking and sewing in exchange for rations |
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Term
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Definition
| helped lead the Lexington Minutemen |
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Term
Chapter 7
George Grenville |
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Definition
prime minister of Britain
passed Sugar, Stamp, and Quartering Acts |
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Term
Chapter 7
Charles (Champange Charley) Townshend |
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Definition
creator of Townshend Acts
known for his drunk speeches |
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Term
Chapter 7
Crispus Attucks |
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Definition
died in Boston Massacre
considered first martyr of the Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
King of England
good morals, bad leader |
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Term
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Definition
King George III's corpulent prime minister
"yes man" |
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Term
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Definition
leader of SoL
really really wanted independence
signed Dec. of Ind.
served in Congress until 1781 |
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Term
Chapter 7
Thomas Hutchinson |
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Definition
governor of MA
disagreed with Tea Act, but thought that the colonists had no right to flout the law |
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Term
Chapter 7
Marquis de Lafayette |
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Definition
major general in colonial army at age 19
mostly just aided in getting resources and more French help |
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Term
Chapter 7
Baron von Stuebon |
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Definition
former Russian officer
trained Continental Army at Valley Forge
probably lied about experience in Russia, but was valuable nonetheless |
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Term
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Definition
royal governor of VA
promised freedom to any black slave that joined the British
Washington countered with the same offer for America |
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Term
Chapter 8
Second Continental Congress |
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Definition
met on May 10, 1775
still didn't want independence
appointed Washington |
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Term
Chapter 8
Battle of Bunker Hill |
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Definition
actually Breed's Hill
completely slaughterd the British
big victory for Continental Army |
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Term
Chapter 8
Olive Branch Petition |
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Definition
sent to King George III in 1775
reached him at the same time as the news of Bunker Hill
dismissed petition and agreed to Prohibitory Act which declared that the colnies were in a state of rebellion and forbade all trade and shipping between England and the colonies |
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Term
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Definition
sent by King George to crush Americans
German |
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Term
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Definition
Thomas Paine wrote it
called for independence
greatly influenced many Americans |
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Term
Chapter 8
Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
on June 7, 1776, Lee introduced a resolution declaring colonies to be independent
5 delegates including Jefferson, Adams, and Franklin formed committee to draft Dec.
congress adopted Lee's resolution for ind. on July 2nd and the Dec. was adopted two days later
contains list of grievances against king justifying independence |
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Term
Chapter 8
Declaration of the Rights of Man |
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Definition
the French version of the Dec. of Ind. (13 years later)
greatly influenced by Dec. of Ind. |
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Term
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Definition
colonists who stayed loyal to the king during the Revolution
20-30% of population |
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Term
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Definition
actual people of the Revolution
40% of population |
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Term
Chapter 8
Battle of Long Island |
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Definition
large defeat of the Continental Army
had to flee across Delaware River |
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Term
Chapter 8
Battle of Trenton |
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Definition
Washington kicked some booty
snuck across Delaware river on December 26, 1776 and captured 1000 Hessians who were sleeping off effects of Christmas celebration
major victory |
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Term
Chapter 8
Battle of Saratoga |
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Definition
turning point in war
convinced French to aide Continental Army |
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Term
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Definition
guide for comissioners to follow when agreeing to the terms of the real treaty
no political or military connections, only a commercial connection |
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Term
Chapter 8
Armed Neutrality |
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Definition
| an organized passive hostility of all of Europe's neutrals against England |
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Term
Chapter 8
Treat of Fort Stanwix |
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Definition
treaty between Americans and Native Americans (1784)
Native Americans had to cede all of their land |
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Term
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Definition
privately owned armed ships
legalized pirates |
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Term
Chapter 8
Battle of Yorktown |
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Definition
in 1781, Brit. troops were surrounded by Amer. and French forces at Yorktown VA
forced to surrender
end of fighting |
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Term
Chapter 8
Treaty of Paris |
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Definition
in Paris 1783, a treaty negotiated by Franklin, J. Adams, and John Jay was formally signed
Brit. recognized existance of U.S.
Mississippi R. is western boundary
Amer. had fishing rights off Canadian coast
Amer had to pay debts and give back property to loyalists (this was completely ignored) |
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Term
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Definition
| fought alongside Benedict Arnold |
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Term
Chapter 8
Benedict Arnold |
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Definition
| won many major victories for the Continental Army |
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Term
Chapter 8
Richard Montgomery |
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Definition
formerly of British army, now general in Continental Army
fought with Benedict Arnold in Canada |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
John Adams's wife
great influence on his thoughts of independence
inspired a lot of what he said/did |
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Term
Chapter 8
Richard Henry Lee |
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Definition
said that "these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states."
started thoughts for Dec. of Ind. |
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Term
Chapter 8
Lord Charles Cornwallis |
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Definition
defeated by General Nathanael Greene
general for Brit. army |
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Term
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Definition
| adversary in the Battle of Long Island |
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Term
Chapter 8
Lord John ("Gentleman Johnny") Burgoyne |
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Definition
was supposed to fight with Howe
but was for the most part abandoned in upper NY |
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Term
Chapter 8
Benjamin Franklin |
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Definition
Ambassador to France
frequently negotiated with France |
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Term
Chapter 8
Comte de Rochambeau |
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Definition
French commander
brought first wave of French troops to Rhode Island |
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Term
Chapter 8
Nathanael Greene |
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Definition
Quaker-reared tactician
defeated Cornwallis in Carolinas |
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Term
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Definition
Mohawk Chief converted to Anglicanism
belived that a victorious Britain would retrain American expansion into the West |
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Term
Chapter 8
George Rogers Clark |
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Definition
seized forts by surprise
helped gain Ohio River Valley for Amer. |
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Term
Chapter 8
Admiral de Grasse |
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Definition
helped corner Brit. in Yorktown
had the waterways blocked |
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