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| First Continental Congress |
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| The first meeting of the colonies to discuss the actions of Britain. Twelve of the thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia. |
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| The Massachusetts militia. Many of the men were in the Sons of Liberty and were the first to fire upon the British at Lexington and Concord. |
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| Shot Heard 'Round the World |
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| This phrase from the Concord Hymn, a poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson, refers to the first shots fired in the American Revolution at Lexington and Concord. |
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| First battle of the Revolutionary War. The minutemen lost to the British in this suburb of Boston, Massachusetts. |
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| Second battle of the Revolutionary War and first win by the colonists. This battle was fought the same night as Lexington. "At Lexington we lost, but at Concord we conquered." |
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| A negative nickname for the British soldiers. Also, lobsterbacks. |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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Meeting in Philadelphia that accomplishes two things:
1) Creates the Continental Army to fight against the British under George Washington
2) Creates the Olive Branch Petition |
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| Created to fight against the British and placed under the control of George Washington. Undersupplied and poorly trained at first. |
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| Chosen to lead the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. Greatly respected, he holds the army together despite terrible conditions. |
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| Letter to King George asking him to remove the Intolerable Acts and promising colonial loyalty. |
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| First major battle of the Revolutionary War, it was held in the hills outside of Boston. The colonists withstood three attacks, finally losing after running out of ammunition. |
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| Short book written by Thomas Paine in an effort to convince colonists to side with the Patriots. One-third of people were loyalists, one-third patriots, and one-third were undecided. |
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| Writer of Common Sense and The Crisis, Paine tried to sway people to support the Patriots |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
Written in three parts:
1) The rights of all men are life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
2) List of ways King violated God-given rights
3) Because the King violated Go-Given rights, the U.S. is declaring independence. July 4, 1776. |
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| Man selected to rite the Declaration of Indepence, Jefferson was the youngest present at the Continental Congress and heavily influenced by John Locke - "Life, Liberty, and Property." |
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| People who supported the idea that the colonies should be free from Britain. |
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| People in the colonies who desired to stay as part of Britain. |
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| Strengths of British in American Revolution |
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Organized country
Experienced and trained military
Best navy in world |
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| Strengths of Patriots in Revolutionary War |
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Home-field advantage
George Washington
Motivation |
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| Hired German troops who fought for the British. Only wanted a paycheck so they did not take risks. |
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| Poem written by Thomas Paine and used to motivate the Continental Army at Valley Forge |
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| Turning Point of the Revolutionary War |
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| Battle of Saratoga, NY - stops the British from splitting the colonies in two parts. Convinces the French to enter on the side of the colonies. |
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| British fort captured inn NY by Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys (Come out, you dirty rat!) |
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| Young French leader who volunteered to help the colonists during the Revolutionary War. |
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| Baron Friedrich von Steuben |
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| Prussian military leader who trained colonial troops at Valley Forge. |
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| Served as home for Washington's men in the terrible winter of 1777-1778 outside of Philadelphia. Known for starvation, suffering, lack of supplies. |
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| AKA the Swamp Fox, this Patriot leader used guerilla warfare in the South by attacking the British at night and hiding in swamps during the day. |
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| Final battle of the Revolutionary War in which Washington's men surround the British on land and the French Navy surround them at sea. |
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| Peace treaty that gave freedom to the United States and lands all the way to the Mississippi River. |
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