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| this was the war between America and Britain in which America fought for its freedom. |
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| this policy by Britain was when they ignored colonies and let them rule themselves and settle themselves |
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| someone who brings outside goods into a country illegally |
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| these were the first two battles of the American Revolution |
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| British general in America who declared all men bearing arms against Britain to be traitors and promised a pardon to anyone who sided with Britain |
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| 1st major battle in war in which Britain won the hill but lost many lives |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| this group, led by John Hancock, met after Lexington and Concord. its goal was to avoid war and heal the rift between the colonists and Britain |
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| this political faction wanted peace with Britain |
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| this political faction during the American Revolution called for independence |
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| this man led the Second Continental Congress, was put on trial for smuggling and found innocent although he did it |
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| this Boston militia was created by Congress during the American Revolution |
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| this man became leader of the Continental Army because of his military experience and because he is from Virginia |
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| this man pushed for Washington to be leader because he knows that in order to defeat the British, needed support of all the colonies |
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| this described the condition of the army |
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| Why did many people leave the army once George Washington became general? |
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| this country was given the offer of being the 14th colony |
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| these two cities in Canada were invaded by America in hopes that France would not side with Britain |
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| these notes written by the Continental Congress and sent to King George III, said that America was loyal to the king, do not want independence, and they want to work it out peacefully....King did not respond |
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| the insane king of Britain who led the British during the American Revolution |
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| this is where most of those loyal to the king lived |
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| Thomas Paine's Common Sense |
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| this was written in vernacular and urged independence and called for three things 1) hereditary monarchy is wrong 2) not right for island to rule a continent 3) reconciliation with Britain=economic ruin |
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| writer who urged independence |
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| this spread throughout America that France and Britain made a deal to fight the colonies and split the land |
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| this Southern slave owner wrote the Declaration of Independence and was a major proponent for the Articles of Confederation |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| this document was written during the Revolution in which America denounced Britain-based on John Locke's enlightenment ideas |
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| this enlightenment thinker that said that if a government doesn't protect natural rights, the people have the right to overthrow it |
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| political faction, loyal to Britain, Middle Colonies-NY and NJ |
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| political faction, wanted independence, loyal to colonies |
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| American general turned traitor who led the colonists into Canada |
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| Battles of Trenton and Princeton |
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| these two battles were a surprise attack by George Washington on Christmas Day-huge victories for the colonists |
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| gives money to anyone who serves 3 yrs and land to anyone who serves the whole war |
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| this is what Congress did to get more people to enlist in the war |
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| this city was captured by Britain in 1777 by Generals Burgoyne and Howe |
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| this battle was the turning point in the war. it was a series of battles in New York |
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| French leader who led Americans in Battle of Saratoga and won |
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| American political leader who went to France to get them to join America's side-kissed Voltaire and took France by storm |
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| this country acknowledged America's freedom for the first time |
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| last battle of the war-British surrendered 8000 men |
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| French general who helped Americans during war-especially Yorktown |
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| this recognized the independence of the 13 colonies; Britain gave all territory East of Mississippi River; Canada remained British; Canadians have rights to Mississippi River; Americans have right to fish in Canada; all land returned to Loyalists; released all POWs |
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| this religion declined in America after the Revolution |
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| Congregationalist Churches |
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| these rose after the Revolution because there was not one religion in the states |
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| belief that the government's power comes from the people |
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| belief that people should do what is best for government |
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| "all men are created equal" |
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| this quote, written by Thomas Jefferson, haunted him for much of his life |
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| this group of Congressmen wanted to end slavery |
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| women have the responsibility to become the nation's moral conscience; have civic duty to make Americans moral people; allows education for women so they can educate their children |
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| wife of John Adams who called for women's rights |
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| another word for Congress |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| U.S.A.'s first government; no executive branch; Congress was only power in central government; all states had 1 vote; Congress was very weak; every state had own taxes, defense, etc. |
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| new land gained in war-Ohio River Valley; federal government surveyed land gained in war & divide it into townships |
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| the equivalent of 32 square miles |
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| another name for sections |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| land would be ruled by the federal government until 60,000 people inhabited the land & then apply for statehood |
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| attacked U.S. ships under Articles of Confederation |
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| increase the amount of time to pay off a debt or they began printing more money |
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| farmer and veteran whose farm was in foreclosure; rebelled against Massachusetts court |
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| bunch of farmers/veterans attacked Massachusetts court |
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| followers of Shays-->several killed before rebellion put down |
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| Virginia asked delegates from all states to meet at this place to discuss trade and only five showed up-no one really cared |
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| New York delegate who sent note to all states asking them to meet in Philly to revise Articles of Confederation |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| 55 delegates from 12 states (no RI), wanted to revise Articles of Confederation; upper class people; top secret |
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| "father of the Constitution"; wrote the Large State Plan |
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| all of the states in the U.S. |
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| the final government created by the Constitutional Convention that we still use today |
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| each branch of government watches the other branches to make sure they don't get too powerful |
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| this branch makes the laws-divided into two sections: House of Representatives and Senate |
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| serve two years; # of representatives based on population |
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| serve for 6 years; 2 per state; both senators are never up for reelection in the same year-elected by state legislature |
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| this branch enforces the laws; president |
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| elected to a four year term |
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| elect the President; made up of electors from each state |
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| this branch judges the constitutionality of the laws |
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| judge whether or not Congress's laws are constitutional-9 justices, including 1 Chief Justice |
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| this stated that each black is 3/5 of a person |
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| gives Congress power to make "necessary and proper laws" |
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| how many states were needed to ratify constitution? |
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| in favor of Constitution-wealthier, upper class men- favor strong central government, strong central government is needed to unite states-led by Madison, Hamilton, Franklin, and Washington |
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| farmers, tradesmen, not upper class men; said constitution gave federal government too much power; U.S. should be a nation of independent states; Articles needed to be revised; thought it was too secret; want Bill of Rights; lead by Thomas Jefferson |
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| written by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton-letters to newspapers in states that are wavering on ratifying the constitution |
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| those who argue with government over something |
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| a German military unit hired by King George III to fight the colonists. This was one of the things that led to the colonists seeking independence. |
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| an actor and playwright who became a soldier and then a general, who led the main invasion force under Britain in the attempted capture of the Hudson River Valley in 1777. Burgoyne encountered some obstacles that slowed him down, so he made a path through the forest to Saratoga, New York. The Americans caught on, followed Burgoyne and his troops, and forced he, Benedict Arnold, and Howe to surrender their troops at Saratoga. |
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| a British general who led the second set of troops to capture the Hudson River Valley. He was supposed to advance up the Hudson River to meet Burgoyne near Albany. Instead, he traveled with the main British army in an attack on Philadelphia to destroy Washington’s army. He defeated the army, but then just settled down there, leaving Burgoyne and his troops to fend for themselves. |
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| a Mohawk chief leader who sided with the British and led Indian frontier raids so ferocious he was dubbed, “monster Brant”. When he met King George III, he declined to kiss his hand and instead kissed the queen’s. |
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| a Patriot, Quaker tactician who distinguished himself by his strategy of delay. By losing battles and winning campaigns, he cleared most of Georgia and South Carolina of British troops. |
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| legalized pirates with armed ships who were specifically authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping. They brought in much needed gold, harassed the enemy, and boosted American morale. |
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| Large State Plan (Virginia Plan) |
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| written by James Madison and suggested a two-house legislature with the number of representatives in both houses being based on population. |
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| Small State Plan (New Jersey Plan) |
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| kept Congress under the Articles of Confederation giving each state one vote. It gave Congress the right to control trade and taxes and implement a stamp tax. |
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