Term
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Definition
Its roof is the diaphragm and its floor is the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani muscle)
Artificial division between the upper abdomen and the lower pelvis
Protected by the muscular abdominal wall
Contains the GI tract (and its glands), the urinary system, the reproductive glands (and its ducts), the spleen, and the supporting blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of the lumbar vertebrate and their associated muscles |
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Term
| Lateral abdominal muscles |
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Definition
| External obliques, internal obliques and transverse abdominis |
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Term
| Longitudinal abdominal muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior abdominal muscles |
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Definition
| Ilioposoas (medial) and quadratus laborum (lateral) |
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Term
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Definition
Fibers run down and forward (medial)
Originate from the lower ribs
Upper fibers insert onto the rectus sheath
Lower fibers insert into the iliac crest to help form the inguinal ligament |
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Term
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Definition
Fibers originate from the iliac crest
Upper fibers run down and posterior (lateral) and insert onto the lower four ribs
Middle fibers run horizontal and insert onto the rectus sheath
Lower fibers run down and forward (medial) and insert onto the inguinal ligament. Some lower fibers form the cremaster muscle of the spermatic cord |
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Term
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Definition
Originates from the iliac crest as well as from the lower six costal cartilages and the lumbar vertebrate (via lumbar fascia)
Fibers run horizontally and insert onto the rectus sheath |
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Term
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Definition
Extends through the length of the anterior abdominal wall
Originates from the costal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7
Inserts at the symphysis pubis and the pubic crest
Margins are the linea alba, linea semilunaris and the tendinous intersections |
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Term
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Definition
| Fusion of the aponeuoses at the midline to separate the left and right rectus abdominis muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral and curved margin of the rectus abdominis |
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Term
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Definition
| Three divisions which separate the muscle into four segments ("8 pack") |
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Term
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Definition
Aponeurosis of the other abdominal muscles which enclose the two recti
Transversus abdominis: aponeurosis is behind
Internal obliques: aponeurosis is half in front, half behind
External obliques: aponeurosis is in front |
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Term
| Innervation of the abdominal muscles |
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Definition
Innervated segmentally by the lower thoracic nerves and the first lumbar nerve (top of pubis)
Level of the umbilicus is always at T10 |
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Term
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Definition
Runs between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
Made up of CT fibers derived from the lateral abdominal muscles (e.g. external obliques)
Delineates the abdomen and the thigh
Many structures pass under it into the thigh via the inguinal canal |
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Term
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Definition
Tube-like structure connecting the abdominal cavity and the scrotum (in males)
Formed by tissue from the lateral abdominal muscles
Entrance is the deep inguinal ring, exit is the superficial inguinal ring |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdominal contents enter the scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
Entrance to the inguinal canal
Lateral and superior to the superficial inguinal ring
Hiatus in the transverse abdominis fascia |
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Term
| Superficial inguinal ring |
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Definition
Exit to the inguinal canal (scrotal opening)
Medial and inferior to the deep inguinal ring
Hiatus in the external obliques |
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Term
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Definition
Muscular fibers derived from the internal obliques, only fully develops in males
Surrounds the inguinal canal |
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Term
| Structures passing through the inguinal canal (male) |
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Definition
| Spermatic cord containing the vas deferens and testicular vasculature |
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Term
| Structures passing through the inguinal canal (female) |
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Definition
Round ligament of the uterus
Muscular fibers derived from the internal obliques (undeveloped cremaster muscle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Esophagus, stomach and the first half |
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Term
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Definition
| Second half of the duodenum, the jejunum, ileum, cecum and ascending colon and 2/3 of the transverse colon |
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Term
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Definition
| 1/3 of the transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera |
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Definition
Supplied by preganglionic fibers from the thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser and least) and the lumbar splanchnic nerves
Synapse in the preaortic ganglia
Post-ganglionic fibers follow their respective arteries to the target tissue |
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Term
| Greater splanchnic nerves |
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Definition
| Originate from T5-9 and supply the foregut via the celiac ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
| Originate from T10-T11 and supply the midgut via the superior mesenteric ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
| Originate from L1-L2 and supply the hindgut via the inferior mesenteric ganglion |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation above the diaphragm |
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Definition
Synapse in the sympatetic trunk
Splanchnic nerves are postganglionic |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation below the diaphragm |
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Definition
Synapse in the preaortic ganglionic
Splanchnic nerves are preganglionic |
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Term
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Definition
| Originate from T12-L1 and supply the kidney via the renal ganglion |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera |
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Definition
Innervation to the foregut, midgut and kidney is by the vagus nerve
Innervation to the hindgut is by the pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4) |
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Term
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Definition
Originates from S2-4 to innervate the hindgut
Passes through the inferior hypogastric plexus, up the hypogastric nerves to the superior hypogastric plexus
Distributed with branches of the inferior mesenteric artery |
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Term
| Enteric (intramural) plexus |
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Definition
Netowrk of autonomic axons and small parasympathetic ganglia in the wall of the digestive tract
Mostly parasympathetic neurons organized in cylindrical arrays and surrounded by muscle
Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus and submucosal (Meissner's) plexus |
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Term
| Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus |
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Definition
Network of parasympathetic neurons in the muscle layers of the gut
Serves the outer muscular layer, promoting peristalsis |
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Term
| Submucosal (Meissner's) plexus |
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Definition
Network of parasympathetic neurons in the submucosa of the gut
Serves the glands in the epithelium |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation of the gut |
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Definition
Postganglionic sympathetic axons synapse in the three preaortic ganglia and travel with arteries to the gut wall
Inhibition of peristalsis and sphincter contraction |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the gut |
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Definition
Preganglionic parasympathetic nerves from the vagus and the pelvic splanchnics synapse within the enteric plexus
Stimulation of peristalsis and sphincter relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
Network of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis
Consist of both axons and cell bodies
Organized into a vertical chain and distributed somatotopically |
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Term
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Definition
| In the head and neck, found along the carotid arteries |
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Term
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Definition
Cardiac and pulmonary plexuses are found near the bifurcation of the trachea
Esophageal plexus occupies the surface of the distal esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| Celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric and renal ganglia on the anterior surface of the aorta |
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Term
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Definition
Superior (x1) and inferior (x2) hypogastric plexuses are united by the hypogastric nerves
Pelvic splanchnic parasympathetic nerves (S2-4) join the inferior hypogastric nerves on each side |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the pelvis |
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Definition
Pelvic splanchnic parasympathetic nerves (S2-4) join the inferior hypogastric plexus on each side
Some fibers ascend to the superior hypogastric plexus via the hypogastric nerves
Some fibers supply pelvic and perineal organs directly |
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Term
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Definition
Sac made of skin and fascia containing the testes (and its associated ducts), the epididymis and the distal spermatic cord
The skin and fascia are derived from the anterior abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Male reproductive glands which produce sperm and testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
Coiled duct (~6m) located on the posterior aspect of the testis
Has a head, body and tail and is continuous distally with the vas deferens
Involved in the storage, transport and ejaculation of sperm |
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Term
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Definition
Cord-like structure containing the vas deferens and testicular arteries, veins and nerves
Runs from the abdomen down to each testicle
Ensheathed by the cremaster muscle formed by the internal obliques |
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Term
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Definition
Smooth muscle in the superficial fascia of the testes
Responsible for the rugose nature of the sac
"Crinkler" muscle in the skin |
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Term
| Superficial spermatic fascia |
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Definition
Deep to the dartos muscle of the testes, superficial to the cremaster muscle
Continuation of the aponeurosis of the external oblique |
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Term
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Definition
Deep to the dartos and cremaster muscles of the testes
Continuation of the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominus muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Lies in between the superficial and deep spermatic muscle
Comprised of muscle from the internal obliques |
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Term
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Definition
| Serous sac enclosing the testes, pinched off from the abdominal peritoneum Made of the parietal and visceral layers |
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Term
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Definition
Complex network of veins draining the testes
Prominent feature of the spermatic cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Paired, oval-shaped glands (~5cm long) hanging from the spermatic cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick capsule enclosing the testes, deep to the tunica vaginalis |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce the sperm cells which are secreted to the rete testis and then to the epididymus via the efferent tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Receive the sperm cells from the seminiferous tubules and deliver them to the epididymus via the efferent ducts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Muscular tube (25cm long) connecting the tail of the epididymis with the ejaculatory duct in the prostate gland
Ascends in the spermatic cord, passes through the inguinal canal, crosses the pelvic brim and runs medially to the prostate |
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Term
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Definition
Thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal pelvic cavity
Connects abdominal structures (the intestine) to the posterior abdominal wall
Creates two compartments: the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs
Divided into the parietal and visceral layers |
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Term
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Definition
Lines the abdominal and pelvic walls
Covers the underside of the diaphragm and connects to the visceral peritoneum via the mesentary
Covers the esophagus, the second part of the duodenum, the ascending and descending colon, the rectum, the kidneys, the ureters, the pancreas, the suprarenal glands and the aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers the surface of the GI tract (stomach, first part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon), the liver and the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| Double-layer of the peritoneum that joins the visceral layers |
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Term
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Definition
Several layers of the peritoneum that hang from the greater curvature of the stomach
Cover the front of abdominal contents and attach to the transverse colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Layers of peritoneum that connect the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Main cavity of the abdomen anterior to the greater omentum |
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Term
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Definition
| Main cavity of the abdomen posterior to the lesser omentum |
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Term
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Definition
Thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal pelvic cavity
Connects abdominal structures (the intestine) to the posterior abdominal wall
Creates two compartments: the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs
Divided into the parietal and visceral layers |
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Term
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Definition
Lines the abdominal and pelvic walls
Covers the underside of the diaphragm and connects to the visceral peritoneum via the mesentary
Covers the esophagus, the second part of the duodenum, the ascending and descending colon, the rectum, the kidneys, the ureters, the pancreas, the suprarenal glands and the aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers the surface of the GI tract (stomach, first part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon), the liver and the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| Double-layer of the peritoneum that joins the visceral layers |
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Term
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Definition
Several layers of the peritoneum that hang from the greater curvature of the stomach
Cover the front of abdominal contents and attach to the transverse colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Layers of peritoneum that connect the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Main cavity of the abdomen anterior to the greater omentum |
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Term
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Definition
| Main cavity of the abdomen posterior to the lesser omentum |
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Term
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Definition
Behind the dorsal parietal peritoneum
Suprarenal glands, aorta, second half of the duodenum, pancreas, ureters, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, esophagus, rectum |
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Term
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Definition
Within the peritoneum
Stomach, first half of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
Muscular and J-shaped organ
Most voluminous part of the tract
Breaks down ingested food products
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Superior dome under the left diaphragm rising from the lower esophageal sphincter
Lined by mucosa and thrown into ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| Interior ridges of the stomach for the expansion of its surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest part of the stomach found between the lesser curvature (right) and the greater curvature (left) |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the stomach which tapers inferiorly towards the pyloric sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick, muscular valve controlling the flow of liquefied foods in the duodenm |
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Term
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Definition
30cm long, inferior to the stomach and horseshoe-shaped (concave to the left with the head of the pancreas)
First part is intraperitoneal, second part is retroperitoneal
Part of the small bowel where the digestive enymes from the liver and pancreas are mixed with the food
4 divisions: superior, descending, inferior and ascending limb |
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Term
| Superior limb of the duodenum |
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Definition
| Links the stomach, via the pylorus, to the descending limb |
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Term
| Descending limb of the duodenum |
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Definition
Contains the entrance valve (Sphincter of Oddi) for the conjoined pancreatic and bile duct through which bile/pancreatic enzymes enter the GI tract
Marks the division of the foregut and the hindgut |
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Term
| Inferior limb of the duodenum |
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Definition
| Shortest part of the duodenum |
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Term
| Ascending limb of the duodenum |
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Definition
| Connects the duodenum with the jejunum |
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Term
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Definition
Packed into the upper left of the greater sac of the abdominal cavity
Less complex system of arcades |
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Term
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Definition
Packed into the lower right of the greater sac of the abdominal cavity
More complex system of arcades of arteries with more mesenteric fat migrating around it
Empties into the cecum via the ileocecal valve
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Sphincter situated at the junction between the ileum and the cecum
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Situated in the lower right hand corner of the abdomen with the appendix
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Vestigial structure attached to the cecum
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Ascends to the right hepatic flexure
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Extremely variable
Traverses to the left splenic flexure
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Sits on the left side of the abdomen
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
S-shaped
Extremely mobile (with a mesentery)
Empties into the rectum
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Receives contents from the sigmoid colon which runs down the center of the posterior pelvic wall
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesentery of the transverse colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesentery of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
Equally distributed longitudinal muscle strips, running down the length of the entire colon
Shorter than the bowel itself, thus causing it to be gathered into sacculations called haustra |
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Term
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Definition
| Sacculations of the colon which increase the surface area available for water absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Sacs of fat inside the visceral peritoneum around the colon |
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Term
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Definition
Largest solid organ in the body
Located under the right dome and central tendon of the diaphragm
Provides energy storage as glycogen, secretes bile salts and digestive enzymes, excretes toxins and waste products
Divided into left and right lobes with two lobules (the quadrate and the caudate)
Intraperitoneal except for the bare area |
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Term
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Definition
Hilus of the liver (horizontal cleft) located at the junction of the caudate and quadrate lobes
Contains the hepatic artery, the portal vein, the common hepatic duct and innervatino from the vagus nerve and the local sympathetics |
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Term
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Definition
Superior lobule of the liver
Separates the left and right lobes |
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Term
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Definition
| Inferior lobule of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessel which supplies arterial (oxygenated) blood to the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Biggest vessel in the liver which supplies nutrient rich venous (deoxygenated) blood from the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Vessel delivers bile to the GI tract, specifically the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficially separates the right and left lobes of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
Vestigial structure which runs in the free inferior border of the falciform ligament
Remnant of the umbilical vein |
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Term
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Definition
Section of the liver below the right dome of the diaphragm
Not covered by the visceral peritoneum |
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Term
| Anterior aspect of the liver |
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Definition
Surfaces of the right and left lobes are smooth and divided by the falciform ligament
Gall bladder is seen hanging from under the lip of the right lobe |
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Term
| Superior surface of the liver |
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Definition
Contains the channel made by the inferior vena cava with the caudate lobe on its left
On the right is the bare area |
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Term
| Posterior aspect of the liver |
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Definition
| Shows the right and left lobes separated by the caudate and quadrate lobes, the porta hepatis, the gall bladder and the groove for the inferior vena cava |
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Term
| Extra hepatic biliary apparatus |
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Definition
The liver excretes bile through the left and right hepatic ducts which join at the common hepatic duct
The common hepatic ducts meets the cystic duct to form the common bile duct which curves behind the duodenum and pierces the pancreas to fuse with the main pancreatic duct |
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Term
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Definition
Muscular sac, roughly pear-shaped
Functions to store and concentrate bile
Attached to the underside of the right lobe of the liver
Composed of a blind end, the fundus, a body and a neck which leads to the cystic duct
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
Mixed gland with both endocrine and exocrine functions located in the left abdomen
Four parts: head, uncinate process, body and tail
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
| Uncinate process of the pancreas |
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Definition
| U-shaped, runs below the head along the inferior limb of the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends to the extreme left upper abdomen where it abuts against the hilus of the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
Main duct running from its tail through the body and the head where it joins the bile duct and enters the duodenum
Normally joined by several tributaries |
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Term
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Definition
(Left) fist-sized organ located high up in the left abdomen, protected by the lower ribs
Outer surface is convex and has a notched border
Inner surface is concave facing right and has a hilus
Destroys 120 day old blood cells
Intraperitoneal |
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Term
| Structures entering and leaving the splenic hilus |
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Definition
| Splenic artery, splenic vein, lymphatic vessels, nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of the paired kidneys (abdomen), the paired ureters and the single urinary bladder (pelvis) |
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Term
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Definition
Major function is to excrete excess water in the blood
Metabolic functions include removal of toxins and endocrine responsibilities
Each is found high on the left and right sides of the abdomen
Kidney-shaped with hili facing medially
The right kidney is lower than the left because of the liver
Each has a superior and inferior pole
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick layer of fat surrounding the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| Located at the center of each kidney connecting a series of hollow structures to the ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| Wide short ducts fed by 2 or 3 minor calyces and lead into the pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| Collect the filtered urine, feed the major calyxes and hence the pelvis and the ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms the outer layer of the kidney and extends between the renal pyramids (in the medulla) |
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Term
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Definition
| Columns of cortical material between the renal pyramids |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of twenty-five or so renal pyramids containing a series of collecting tubules taking the filtrate towards the tip of the pyramids, the renal papillae, into the calyces |
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Term
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Definition
| The tips of the renal pyramids which feed into the minor calyces |
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Term
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Definition
Functional unit of the kidney
Blood filtering units called the glomeruli are located in the cortex and their tubules extend down into the pyramids to secrete into the collecting tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood filtering units of the kidney located in the cortex |
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Term
| Left and right renal arteries |
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Definition
Blood supply to the kidney
Enter the hilus of the kidney and branch into lobar arteries which supply each kidney
Right renal artery is longer than the left |
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Term
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Definition
Branches from the left and right renal arteries
Supply each pyramid |
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Term
| Left and right renal veins |
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Definition
Venous drainage mirrors the arterial supply
Left renal vein is longer than the right
Renal veins are anterior to renal arteries |
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Term
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Definition
Muscular tubes that run from the hili of the kidneys down the posterior abdominal wall into the pelvis
Attach to the back of the bladder and penetrate close to the bottom
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
|
Definition
Large vessel in the anterior pelvis
Connected to the kidneys by the ureters and empties into the urethra
Interior of the organ is rugose and its walls are muscular
In the male, the prostate is situated immediately in front of the urethral orifice
In the female, the uterus is situated directly behind the bladder
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
|
Definition
Found at the inferior angle of the bladder
In the male, the prostate is situated immediately in front of the urethral orifice |
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth-walled are on the middle of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra |
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Term
|
Definition
Two glands sit on top of each of the two kidneys
Endocrine glands supplied by the suprarenal arteries
Presynaptic greater splanchnic nerves synapse on the endocrine cells in the medulla
Retroperitoneal |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation of the kidney |
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Definition
Least splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
Fibers synapse in the renal plexus
Vasoconstriction of renal arteries, decrease renal output |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the kindey |
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Definition
Vagus nerve
Vasodilation of renal arteries, increase renal output |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation of the bladder |
|
Definition
Preganglionic nerves from T11-L2 travel down the sympathetic trunk and synapse in the inferior mesenteric ganglion
Postganglionic nerves travel to the hypogastric plexus
Fibers serve the detrusor muscle (very little contraction) and the sphicter vesicae (contraction during ejaculation) |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the bladder |
|
Definition
Preganglionic fibers from S2-S4 travel to the inferior hypogastric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus via the hypogastric nerves
Contraction of the bladder and relazation of the sphincter vesicae |
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Term
|
Definition
Enters the abdomen through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm and runs down the abdomen close to the center and bifurcates into the two common iliac arteries at L4/5
Three sets of branches: five pairs to the abdominal wall, three pairs to the paired glands (suprarenal, renal, gonadal), three arteries to supply the GI tract (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric artery) |
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Term
|
Definition
Branch horizontally from the aorta and run directly to the kidneys
The right renal artery is longer than the left |
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Term
|
Definition
| Branch superior to the renal arteries and supply blood to the suprarenal glands |
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Term
|
Definition
| Arise just below the renal arteries and run down to their respective glands (in the male or female) in the pelvis or scrotum |
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Term
|
Definition
Branches high up from the abdominal aorta
Services the foregut (stomach, first part of the duodenum, the liver, the gall bladder, pancreas, the spleen)
Divides into the left gastric artery, the splenic artery and the common hepatic |
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Term
|
Definition
Smallest and most leftward artery branching from the celiac trunk
Services the esophagus (via the esophageal branch) and the lesser curvature of the stomach (left part) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most rightward artery of the celiac trunk Divides into the right and left hepatic arteries (before entering the porta hepatis),the right gastric artery and the gastroduodenal artery (which further divides into the duodenal arteries and the right gastric-epiploic artery) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Branches off the common hepatic artery and runs up the lesser curvature to meet the left gastric artery |
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Term
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Definition
Branches off the celiac trunk and has several small branches to the duodenum (via the duodenal arteries)
Terminal branch called the right gastroepiploic artery supplies the right greater curvature of the stomach (anastomoses with the left GE artery) |
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Term
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Definition
| Small branches from the gastroduodenal artery (branch from the common hepatic artery) serve the first part of the duodenum |
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Term
| Right gastroepiploic artery |
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Definition
| Terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery (from the common hepatic artery) supplies the greater curvature of the stomach and anastomoses with the left GE artery |
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Term
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Definition
Largest and middle of the three celiac trunk branches
It runs to the spleen in a tortuous path giving off branches to the pancreas and the stomach (left gastroepiploic artery) |
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Term
| Left gastroepiploic artery |
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Definition
| Terminal branch of the splenic artery which serves the greater curvature of the stomach and anastomoses with the right GE artery |
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Term
| Superior mesenteric artery |
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Definition
Branch ofthe abdominal aorta which services the midgut (lower duodenum, the jejunum, ileum and the large bowel as fat as 2/3 of the transverse colon)
The artery curves down and branches into arcades that service the jejunum and ileum, the right colic, middle colic and ileocolic arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| Branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supply the ascending colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supply the transverse colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable branch of the superior mesenteric artery which supplies the end of the ileum, the cecum and the appendix |
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Term
| Inferior mesenteric artery |
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Definition
| Branch of the abdominal aorta which services the hindgut (distal 1/3 transverse colon, the descending and sigmoid colon, the rectum) It originates 4cm above the aortic bifurcation Branches into the left colic branches (to transverse and descending colon) and the superior rectal artery (to the pelvis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels from the inferior mesenteric artery which service the large colon (transverse and descending) |
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Term
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Definition
| Branch from the inferior mesenteric artery which descends into the pelvis to supplythe rectum |
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Term
| Superior epigastric artery |
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Definition
| Branch from the internal thoracic artery which supplies the anterior abdominal wall |
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Term
| Inferior epigastric artery |
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Definition
| Branch from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery |
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Term
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Definition
Formed by the two common iliac veins to the right of the aorta
I.V.C. is fed by paired veins from the renal, suprarenal and gonadal glands and also the portal vein |
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Term
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Definition
Veins from the GI tract go to the portal vein and thus to the liver
Made up of the splenic (with the inferior mesenteric vein as its tributary) and superior mesenteric veins
Drains the GI tract and supplies the liver with nutrients derived from digestion
Passes into the liver via the porta hepatis |
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Term
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Definition
Drains the left kidney
Tributaries include the left suprarenal and left gonadal veins
Longer than the right renal vein |
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Term
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Definition
Largely musculoskeletal
Medially: bodies of 5 lumbar vertebrate
Laterally: psoas and quadratus lumborum |
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Term
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Definition
Major muscle of the posterior abdominal wall, medial to the quadratus lumborum
Originates from the lumbar bodies and inserts into the pelvis and eventually the femur
Superior fibers originate from the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
Major muscle of the posterior abdominal wall, lateral to the psoas
Originates from the transverse processes of T12-L5 and fills the space between rib 12 and the iliac crest
Superior fibers originate from the lateral arcuate ligament of the diaphragm
Stabilizes the back |
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