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Test5 Urinary/digestive/reproductive
Test5 Urinary/digestive/reproductive
47
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/19/2013

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Term
Functions of Urinary system-
Definition
Regulate blood concentration of many different substances
Filter blood plasma
Help regulate blood pH
Help maintain electrolytes and water balance
Term
Ureter-function
Definition
Ureter-transports urine toward urinary bladder by peristaltic contractions (wave like)
Term
urinary bladder
function
holds how much urine
Definition
Urinary bladder-temporarily stores urine prior to excretion can hold 750-100ml, when 60% full urge to urinate is activated
Term
urethra function
Definition
Urethra- moves urine to exterior
Term
Kidney function
Definition
Kidney- filter materials from the blood and determined what substances will be “dumped” into the urine.
Term
Nephrons function
Definition
functional unit of the kidney that does much of the filtering of the blood.
Term
Ureter and bladder has same 3 layers
Definition
Ureter and bladder has same 3 layers
1. mucosa-consist of epithelial and goblet cells which are continuous with the nephrons and collecting ducts
2. muscular –smooth muscles that help propel fluid through the ureter
3. fibrous-connective tissue and protect and hold in space
Term
Functional unit of the urinary system-
Definition
Nephron- (once the filtered fluid leaves the nephrons it is almost urine)

Consists of Bowman’s capsule; proximal convoluted tube, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tube
Term
Alveoli
Definition
Alveoli = milk producing cells
Term
Secondary tubules
Definition
Secondary tubules= milk from the alveoli and conveyed to the secondary tubules
Term
mammary ducts
Definition
Mammary ducts= secondary tubules join to form mammary ducts
Term
Lactiferous sinus
Definition
Lactiferous sinus= mammary ducts swell some forming lactiferous sinus
Term
Lactiferous ducts
Definition
Lactiferous ducts= lactiferous sinus narrow forming lactiferous ducts at the end of each nipple
Term
Nipple
Definition
Nipple= the raised area around the breast, contain a lot of touch receptors
Term
Areola
Definition
Areola= brownish pigment area surrounding nipple
Term
Suspensory (coopers) ligament
Definition
Suspensory (Coopers) ligament = support ligaments for the breast,as women age these ligaments tend to droop and sag
Term
Mons pubis
Definition
Mons pubis= a rounded elevated fat pad in front of the symphysis pubic and above clitoris, covered with pubic hair in a mature female
Term
labia majoria
Definition
Labia majoria= the outer two folds of skin, covered with pubic hair overlie, subcutaneous fat
Term
labia minora
Definition
Labia minora= medial and deep to the labia majora, consists of two inner folds of mucous membranes no hair
Term
clitoris
Definition
Clitoris=erectile tissue above the urthera and (female penis)
Term
vestibule
Definition
Vestibule= area within the folds of lbia minora, consists of opening for the vagina, opening of urtherea and bartholins gland
Term
Bartholin gland
Definition
Bartholin gland= glands found on either side labia minor, function to furnish fluid for lubrication to reduce friction during intercourse. Acts as natural spermicide, acid environment reduces infections of vagina
Term
Hymen
Definition
Hymen=covers the vagina opening of young females
Term
difference in urethra of male and female
Definition
female urthera shorter so most likely to have more UTI

In male urinary and reproductive tact the same
Term
Ovaries
Definition
Ovaries=both reproductive and endocrine gland produce eggs, release hormones (inhibin, relaxin, estrogen and progesterone
Term
fallopian tubes
Definition
Fallopian tubes=tube from ovary to uterus
Term
Cervix
Definition
Cervix= located between the uterus and vagina, short and highly muscular
Term
Fundus
Definition
Fundus=widen area at the opposite end of the uterous from the cervix (this is the area where egg is implanted)
Term
uterus
Definition
Uterus=highly pear shaped sac that tilts slightly anterior at its base
Term
Vagina function
Definition
Vagina=act as female copulatory organ during sexual intercourse; receptacle for sperm, birth canal during child birth, excretory duct for the product of menstruation
Term
testes; function hormones produced
Definition
Testes= in pouch hanging from body (less body temperature) so can produce sperm. (Considered endocrine and reproductive organs; produce hormone inhibin and testosterone
Term
scrotum
Definition
Scrotum=pouch of testes
Term
Epididymis
Definition
Epididymis= (20 foot in length) lives above and to the side of each testis. Spermatoza will be stored for a time this is where they begin to again the ability to be motile.
Term
Ductus Vas Deference
Definition
Ductus Vas deferens= continuous with epididymis widens and straightens to become the ductus. Passes through the scrotum into pelvic cavity, behind urinary bladder, and then joins on of the ducts from the seminal vesicle gland form an ejaculatory duct within the prostate gland.
Term
Describe the function of seminal vesicles:
Definition
Produces 50-60% of fluid found in semen. Seminal fluid provides nutrients, especially sugar fructose, giving spermatozoa the energy to travel up the female track. Substances in fluid also improve motility.
Term
Function Prostate gland
Definition
Prostate gland: function provides about 25% of component for semen. Stimulates motility, has alkaline pH with netuilizes acid environment. Prostate rich in zinc because it stimulates smooth muscle contraction.
Term
Bulbourethal gland
Definition
Bulbourethal gland (Cowpers) produces 2 secretions. (pre-ejaculation watery substance- flush lining to free urethra of urine and a coagulation or gelling secretion to protect sperm in womans reproductive tract)
Term
List the 2 interactive cycles of the menstrual cycle:
Definition
1. Uterine cycle: (menstrual, proliferative and secretory)-series of changes in endometrium of non-pregnant women. Preparing to receive fertilized egg, when doesn’t happen it sloughs off.
2. ovarian cycle: events associated with maturation of the ovum
Term
Duration of menstrual cycle:

(which day most fertile)
Definition
duration of cycle varies from 24-35 days, average 28 days (most fertile at 29.5 days)
Term
Function of digestive system
Definition
Function of Digestive system: to transfer nutrients, salts, and water from external environment (small intestine) to internal environment (blood)
Term
To major process of digestive system:
Definition
digestion and absorption
Term
Functions of the Tongue:
Definition
Mix salvia with food to make it slimy and easier to travel down the throat; keep the mass of food pressed between the teeth for more effective chewing, push the food backwards for the process of swallowing
Term
Taste buds distinguished
Definition
Taste buds distinguished (bitter, sweet, sour, and salty)
Term
Salivary glands (name the three pairs)
Definition
Parotid=largest in front of ears near 2nd molars of upper jaw
Submandibular = found in front of the angle of the mandible; empties at side of frenulum
Sublingual= smallest found beneath floor of mouth where it empties it salvia
Term
Amylase (protein in mouth)
Definition
Amylase= enzyme; acts a polysaccharide, and breaks these carbohydrates into smaller units of polysaccharides and disaccharides (action stops once reaches stomach)
Term
Mucins (protein in mouth)
Definition
Mucins=proteins associated with mucus, helps to lubricate food, allowing food to pass without friction in esophagus
Term
describe the three decidua layers
Definition
Decidua parietalis= lines entire pregnant uterus except area where placenta is forming
Decidua capsularis=overlies developing embryo
Decidua basalis=located between the corion and the muscularis of the uterus
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