Shared Flashcard Set

Details

TEST TWO BONES
BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUE
72
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/08/2006

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUE FUNCTIONS
Definition
SUPPORT AND PROTECT , MOVEMENT , MINERAL STORAGE , BLOOD CELL FORMATION
Term
THE PERICHONDRIUM
Definition
THE EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE COVERING CARTILAGE OR NEWLY FORMING BONE BEFORE IT IS VASCULARIZED INBONE ONCE THE BLOOD VESSELS INVADE IT BECOMES THE PERIOSTEUM
Term
CHARACTORISTICS OF CARTILAGE
Definition
NO BLOOD VESSLES OR NERVES ,THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CARTILAGE HYLENE CARTILAGE , ELASTIC , FIBROCARTILAGE
Term
HYLENE CARTILAGE
Definition
THE MOST ABOUNDANT OF THE CARTILAGES IT COVERS THE ARTICULAR ENDS OF BONES ALSO IN THE RIBS OR COSTAL BONES IN RESPITORY AREA NAD NASAL AREA
Term
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Definition
SIMALER TO HYLENE CARTILAGE WITH MORE FIBORS PRESENT IN MATRIX .. THIS CARTILAGE IS MORE FLEXABLE HELPS SUPPORT STRUCTURES IS FOUND IN THE OUTER EARS
Term
FIBROCARTILAGE
Definition
HIGHLY COMPRESSED HAS GREAT STRENGTH CONTAINS A LOT OF COLLAGEN FIBERS FOUND UNDER KNEE CAP (EXCEPT MINE ) IN THE INTERVERTTEBRAL DISC AND AND WHERE THE HIP BONES JOIN
Term
FIBROCARTLIAGE GROWTH
Definition
FIBROCARTILAGE GROWS IN TWO WAYS APPOSITIONAL GROWTH AND INTERSITITIAL GROWTH
Term
APPOSITINAL GROWTH GROWTH IN WIDTH OF BONE
Definition
CARTILAGE FORMING CELLS IN THE SURROUNDING PERICHONDRIUM SECRET NEW MATRIX AGAINST THE EXTERNAL FACES OR THE EXISTING CARTILAGE TISSUE
Term
INTERSTITIAL GROWTH GROWTH IN LENGTH
Definition
THE LACUNAE BOUND CHONROCYTES DIVIDE AND SECRETE NEW MATRIX EXPANDING THE CARTILAGE FROM WITH IN TYPICALLY CARTILAGE GROWTH ENDS DURING ADOLENSECENCE
Term
CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONE
Definition
BONES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO ONE OF FOUR SHAPES , LONG , SHORT , FLAT AND IRREGULAR ALSO THERE ARE SESIMOID (YOUR KNEE CAP AND WORMIAN THE SMALL BONES IN THE SUTURES OF THE SKULLAR
Term
LONG BONES
Definition
LONG BONES ARE AS THERE NAME STATES THEY ARE LONG THEN THEY ARE WIDE . LONG BONES THE LARGEST IS THE FEMOR OR LARGE UPPER LEG BONE
Term
SHORT BONES
Definition
SHORT BONES ARE ROUGHLY CUBED SHAPE EXAMPLES THE BONES IN THE WRIST AND ANKLE
Term
SEAMOID BONES
Definition
SHAPED LIKE A SESAME SEED ARE A SPECIAL TYPE OF SHORT BONES THAT FORM IN TENDON I.E. THE KNEE CAP THEY VARY IN SIZE AND NUMBER IN DIFFERENT INDIVIUALS
Term
FLAT BONES
Definition
LIKE THA NAME SAYS THEY ARE FLAT THESE ARE FOUND IN THE SKULL AND ARE THE RIB OR COSTAL BONES ALSO THE STERNUM AND SAPULAE (SHOULD BLADE )
Term
IREEGULAR BONES
Definition
HAVE COMPILCATED SHAPES THAT FIT IN NONE OF THE OTHER CLASSES , THESE ARE THE VERTIBRA
Term
AXIAL SKELETON
Definition
THE FORMS THE LONG AXIS OF THE SKELETON , INCLUDES THE SKULL ,VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND RIB CAGE
Term
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Definition
THIS IS EVERYTHING ELSE PERTAININT TO THE LIMBS AND THE BONES THAT THE LIMBS ATTACTH TO COLAR BONE, SHOULDER BLADES, HIP BONES, AND BONES OF THE ARMS ,AND LEGS
Term
OSTEOGENESIS
Definition
THE PROCESS OF BONE FORMATION FOR MOST BONES IN THE BODY
Term
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFACTION
Definition
THIS IS THE MECHANSIM FOR FORMING THE BONES OF THE CRANIUM ,MANDIBLE AND CLAVICLE
Term
BONES BEGIN FORMING
Definition
BONES BEGIN FORMING WHEN TTHE EMBRYO IS ONLY 6 WEEKS OLD, CELLS IN THE MEMBRANE DIFFERENTIATE AND BECOME OSTEOBLAST THAT PRODUCE MATRIX AND FIBORS BONES DEVELOP OUTWARD FROM OSSTIFICATION CENTERS IN THE MEBRANES CALLED SPICULES (SMALL STRUTS)
Term
THE STEPS TO INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFACTION
Definition
1 MESECHYMAL CELLS CLUSTER AND BECOME VASCULARIZED 2 OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS FORM AND BECOME OSTEOBLAST 3 OSTEOBLAST BECOME CENTERS FOR OSSIFACATION 4 THE OSTEOBLAST PRODUCE MATRIX AND FIBERS TILL SURROUNDED THEN STOP AND BECOME OSTEOCYTES 5 WHEN COLLEGEN FIBERS DEPOSITON IS COMPLETE OSSIFACTION BEGINS CALCIFICATION ACCORS ONLY ON THE SURFACE OF COLLEGEN FIBERS 6 CANCELLOUS (SPOMNGY BONE ) ACCUMULATES AND LLATER IS REMODELED CHANGING MOST OF IT INTO COMPACT BONE
Term
ENDROCHONDRAL OSSIFACATION
Definition
ALL BONES EXCEPT THE CRANIAL MANDIBLE AND CLAVICLES FORM THIS WAY ,, THEY FORM FROM HYLEN CARTILAGE WHICH IS THEN BROKEN DOWN DURING FORMATION OF THE BONE ,
Term
OSTEOCLAST ( BONE DESTROYERS)
Definition
AS LAYERS OF BONES ACCUMULATE TO WIDEN THE THE BONES OSTEOCLAST (BONE DESTRYERS) DESTROY THE INNER LAYER TO HOLLOW AND LIGHTEN THE BONES THAT HELPS FORM THE MARROW CAVITY AND LIGHTEN THE BONE . AS BONE LAYERS PROVIDE GROWTH IN LENGTH OLD CARTILAGE IS DESTROYED GROWTH AT THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE STOP AT MATURITY A SCAR CALLED THE EPIPHYSEAQL LINE REMAINS
Term
STEPS TO ENDROCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION 1 -4
Definition
1 MESECHYMAL CELLS GROUP TO FORM A SHAPE TEMPLATE OF FUTURE BONES 2 THE MESENCHYMAL CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO CHONDROBLAST THAT PRODUCE CARTILADGE MATRIX 3 THE NUTRIENT ARTERY THAT SUPPLIES THE PERICHONDRIUM BREAK THROUGH THE NUTRIENT FOROMAN AT THE MID REGION AND STIMULATES THE OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS IN THE PERICHONDRIUM TO PRODUCE OSTEOBLAST THE WHICH CHANGES THE PERICHONDRIUM INTO THE PERIOSTEUM AND STARTS THE FORMATION OF OSSIFACTION CENTERS,4 THE PERIOSTEUM CONTIJNUES TO DIVIDE AND IT'S DEVELPMENT CHONDROCYTES DEVIDE DEBIDE AND INCREASE MATRIX AND THEY DEVELOP INTO OSTEOBLAST
Term
STEPS TO ENDROCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION 5 67
Definition
5 THE PERICHONDRIAL MEMBRANE SURROUNDS THE THE SURFACE AND DEVELOPS NEW CHONDROBLAST 6 6 CHONROBLAST PRODUCE GROWTH IN WIDTH (APPOSITINAL GROWTH 7 CELLS AT THE CENTER OF THE CARTILAGE LYSE (BREAK APART CAUSING A SHIFT IN PH WHICH TRIGGERS CALCIFICATION
Term
COMPACT BONE
Definition
THE DENSE OUTER BONE CLOSE TO AND ON THE BONE SURFACE HAS VERY SMALL AIR SPACES
Term
SPONGEY BONE
Definition
THIS IS THE BONE CLOSER TO THE CENTER IT IS LIGHTER AND HAS MUCH LARGER AIR SPACES HAS FLAT NEDDLE LIKE BEAMS CALLED TRABECULAE ( MEANING LITTLE BEAMS ) THE OPEN SPACES ARE FILLED WITH RED OR YELLOW BONE MARROW
Term
DIAPHYSIS OF LONG BONE
Definition
THIS IS THE SHAFT OF THE BONE IT IS CONSTUCTED OF RELATIVLY THICK COLLAR OF COMPACT BONE
Term
MEDULLARY CAVITY (MARROW)
Definition
IN ADULTS THE MEDULLARY CAVITY CONTAINS YELLOW MARROW IT IS A STORAGE PLACE
Term
THE EPIPPHUSES (PL)
Definition
SINGULAR THE EPIPYSIS THESE ARE THE ENDS OF THE BONES ,THERE IS A DISTAL EPIPHYSIS , AND THERE IS A PROXIMAL EPPHYSIS THE JOINT SURFACE OF THE EPIPHYSIS IS COVERED WITH A THIN LAYER OF ARTICULAR (HYLENE) CARTILAGEWHICH CUSHIONS THE APPOSING BONE ENDS DURING JOINT MOVEMENT AND ABSORBS STRESS
Term
EPIPHYSEAL LINE
Definition
THIS IS THE VISABLE SCAR ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE BONE NEAR THE ENDS IT IS A REMANT OF THE EPIPHYSEAL (WHERE BONE LENGTH GROWTH TAKES PLACE
Term
EPIHYSEAL PLATE
Definition
A DISC OF HYLENE CARTILAGE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE END OF A LONG BONE THIS IS WHER THE LONG BONE LENGTH GROWTH TAKES PLACE DURING CHILDHOOD THIS IS ALSO THE PLACE WHERE THE DIAPHYSIS AND EPIPHYSIS JOIN
Term
PERIOSTEUM
Definition
THE OUTER COVERING OF THE BONE , THE OUTER FIBROOUS LAYER IS DENSE IRREGULAR CT THE INNER OSTEOGENIC LAYER ABUTTING THE BONE SURFACE CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF BONE FORMING CELLS CALLED OETEOBLAST
Term
OSTEOBLAST
Definition
BAY BONE CELLS ALSO CALLED BONE BUIDERS
Term
OSTEOCYTES
Definition
ADUALT BONE CELLS LOCATE IN THE LACUNA
Term
OSTEOCLAST (BONE DESTORYERS)
Definition
HELP TO BREAK DOWN OLD BONE CELLS THEY MAKE THE BONES LIGHTER AND HELP TO RETURN STORED CALCIUM TO THE BLOOD STREAM
Term
PERFORATING (SHARPEY'S) FIBORS
Definition
HOLD THE PERIOSTEUM TO THE BONE SURFACE
Term
ENDOSTEUM
Definition
THE INSIDE LINING OF THE MARROW CAVITY IT COVERS THE TRABECULE OF SPONGY BONES AND LINES THE CANALS THAT PASS THROUGH THE COMPACT BONE .LIKE THE PERIOSTEUM IT CANTAINS BOTH OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST
Term
YELLOW BONE MARROW
Definition
IT MAKES UP THE CENTER OF BONES IN ALL ADULTS IT IS A STORAGE AREA FOR FAT FUEL FOR BONE CELLS
Term
RED BONE MARROW
Definition
THIS IS FOUND IN THE SPONGY BONE ARE AT THE END OF LONG BONES IT IS WHERE BLOD CELLS ARE PRODUCED IT IS ALSO FOUND IN THE DILOE AREA OF FLAT BONES FOR THIS REASON THESE AREAS ARE OFTEN REFERED TO AS THE RED BONE MARROW CAVITIES
Term
DIPOLE
Definition
THIS IS THS SPONGY BONE AREA OF FLAT BONE IT IS WHERE THE RED BONE MARROW IS FOUND IN THESE BONES
Term
OSTEON ALSO CALLED THE HAVERSIAN SYSTEM
Definition
A STRUCTURAL UNIT OF COMPACT BONE
Term
LEMELLA
Definition
THESE ARE THE RINGS IN THE OSTEON ONE INSIDE THE OTHER MOST LOOK LIKE ONE CIRCLE INSIDE ANOTHR UNDER THE MICROSCOPE BUT SOME ARE SPREAD OUT TO FILL THE SPACE INBETWEEN OSRTEON
Term
LEMELLA CARTILAGE
Definition
THE CARTILAGE THAT MAKE UP THE LEMELLA RUN IN OPPISITE DIRECTIN TO EACH OTHER THIS ALTERNATING PATTERN IS DESIGN TO WITHSTAND TORISION STRESS THEY REENFORCE EACH OTHER TO RESIST TWISTING
Term
HAVERSIAN OR CENTRAL CANAL
Definition
THIS IS THE CENTER OF THE OSTEON IT CONTAINS SMALL BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES THAT SRVE THE NEEDS OF OF THE OSTEON'S CELLS
Term
PERFORATING , OR VOLKMANN'S CANALS
Definition
LIE AT RIGHT ANGLES TO TO THE LANG AXIS OF OF THE BONE AND CONNECT RHE BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY OF THE PERIOSYEUM TO THOSE OF THE CENTRAL CANAL
Term
LACUNAE
Definition
SMALL OPENING AT THE JUNCTION OF THE LAMELLA THIS IS WHERE THE OSTEOCYTES ARE LOCATED ALL OF THE LITTLE OSTEOCYTES HAVE SPIDER LIKE ARMS THAT ATTACH TO EACH OTHER THROUGH THE CANALICULI
Term
CONALICULI
Definition
THES STRUSTURE CONNECT THE LACUNAE TO EACH OTHER THIS IS WHERE THE SPIDERY LIKE LITTLE ARMS OF THE OSTEOCYTES REACH THROUGH TO KEEP IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER
Term
CANCELOUS BONE
Definition
SPONGY BONE
Term
HYDROXYAPATITE
Definition
THESE ARE MINERAL SALTS 65 % MOF BONE MASS MAINLY CALCIUM PHOSPATE
Term
NUTRIENT FORMAN
Definition
IS THE SMALL HOLE IN THE BONE WHERE THE VESSELS PASS THROUGH
Term
OSTEOID
Definition
ARE THE ORGANIC PART OF THE MATRIX WHEN IT IS UNMINERALIZED COMPOSED OF PROTEOGLYCANS AND GLYCOPROTIENS AND COLOGEN
Term
PTA PARA THYROID HORMONE
Definition
THIS SIGNALS THE THE OSTEOCLAST TO DEGRADE BONE MATRIX AND RELEASE CALCIUM INTO THE BLOOD STREAM
Term
CALCITONIN
Definition
THIS IS RELEASED WHEN THERE IS TOO MUCH CALCIUM IN THE BLOOD STREAM AND IT TRIGGERS THE BONES TO DEPOSIT CALCUIM IN THEIR STORES
Term
BONE REMODELING (HEALING )
Definition
THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN BONES ARE BROKEN OR FRACTURED THERE ARE SEVEN STEPS TP THIS
Term
STEPS TO BONE HEALING 1 - 4
Definition
1 A HEMATOMA FORMS THIS ALLOWS THE FLUIDS TO BUILD UP SO WHITE BLOOD CELLS ECT CAN ENTER 2 BONE CELLS AT THE SITE OF THE INJURY DIE 3 SWELLING AND IMFLAMATION AND FILTRATION BY PHOGOCYTES BEGINE 4 NEW BLOOD VESSELS INFILTRATE AND THE PRECALLUS FORMS WHICH LAST ABOUT THREE WEEKS
Term
STEPS TO BONE HEALING 5-9
Definition
5 OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS INVADE 6 OSTEOBLAST PRODUCE COLLEGEN FIBERS AND THE OSTEOPROGENITERS PRODUCE CHONDROBLAST THAT STRAT THE FORMATION OF FIBROCARTILAGE 7 A BONEY CALLUS FORMS 8 REMODELING OF THE CALLUS ACCURS AND THE DEAD PARTS ARE ABSORBED BY OSTEOCLAST 9 COMPACT BONE REPLACES THE SPONGY BONE AT THE PERIPHERY OF THE FRACTURE
Term
CLOSED FRACTURE
Definition
A PARTIAL BREAK UNDER THE SKIN
Term
COLLES FRACTURE
Definition
THE DITOL END OF THE RADUIS BONE IN LOWER ARM
Term
COMMINUTED FRACTURE
Definition
THE BONE SPLINTERS COMMON IN THE ELDERLY
Term
COMPLETE FRACTURE
Definition
THAT IS WHEN THE BONE IS FRACTURED ALL THE THE WAY THROUGH
Term
COMPRESSION FRACTURE
Definition
BONES ARE CRUSHED AS IN THE SPINE ALSO COMMON IN THE ELDERLY
Term
DEPRESSION FRACTURE
Definition
USUALLY IN FLAT BONES CAUSED BY A BLOW TO THE BONE LIKE SOME ONE TAKING A BASE BALL BAT TO YOUR HEAD YOU BETTER DUCK
Term
GREENSTICK FRACTURE
Definition
A LEADING INDICATOR OF CHILD ABUSE THIS IS WHEN ONE SIDE OF THE BONE FRACTURES AND THE OTHER SIDE WILL BEND LIKE A GREEN STICK THUS THE NAME
Term
OPEN FRACTURE
Definition
THIS IS WHEN THE FRACTURE BREAKS THROUGH THE SKIN ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS BECAUSE OF THE CHANCE OF INFECTION WITHIN THE BONE IT'S SELF
Term
POTTS FRACTURE
Definition
THIS ON THE DISTAL END OF THE FIBULA
Term
SPIRAL FRACTURE
Definition
THIS IS A TWISTED BREAK COMMON IN SPORTS INJURIES
Term
STRESS FRACTURES
Definition
THESE ARE MICROSCOPIC FRACTIONS OF THE BONE
Term
OSTOMALACIA /RICKETS IN CHILDREN
Definition
THIS INCLUDES A NUMBER OF DISORDERS IN WHICH THE BONE ARE INADEQUATELY MINERALIZED OSTEOID IS PRODUCED BUT BUT CALCIUM IS NOT DEPOSITED SO BONES SOFTEN AND WEAKEN RICKETS IN CHILDREN IS MORE SEVERE CAUSING BOWED BONES
Term
OSTEOPOROSIS
Definition
THIS IS A GRUP OF DISORDERS WHERE BONE RESORPTION OUT PACES BONE DEPOSIT
Term
PAGET'S DISEASE
Definition
IS A DISORDER OF OSTEOCLAST CHARACTERIZED BY A HAPHAZARD BONE DEPOSITS AND RESORPTION
Term
OSTEOMYELITIS
Definition
IMFLAMATION OF THE BONES
Supporting users have an ad free experience!