Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Neurohistology - Neuroanatomy
Preparation for Test One
38
Anatomy
Graduate
01/21/2016

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1. Neurons
2. Supportive
3. Immunological
Definition
What are the three fundamental cell types in the nervous system?
Term
Soma (Cell Body)
Single Axon
Dendrites
Definition
What are the three parts of a neuron?
Term
Because of the extensive production of ribosomes, and in turn, proteins.
Definition
Why do neurons have a prominent nucleolus?
Term
Actin Filaments
Neurofilaments
Microtubules
Definition
The cytoskeleton in a neuron is composed of what?
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
What Gives cell its shape and “stiffness”
Important for cell growth and motility
Provides a network over which molecules and organelles are transported within the cell ?
Term
Dendrites
Definition
What are tree-like structure that increase surface area of the cell for synapses?
Term
Initial segment (axon hillock) -transition between soma and axon
Axon proper – main extent of the axon
Synaptic bouton - axon terminus
Definition
What are the three regions of an axon?
Term
Mitochondria, to generate the energy required to get back to resting membrane potential.
Definition
What organelle is prevalent in the initial segment of the axon (among other places) and why?
Term
Ribosomes, proteins have to be transported from the soma.
Definition
What organelle does the axon lack?
Term
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann cells (PNS)
Definition
Myelin from the CNS is called?
Myelin from the PNS is called?
Term
Synapses
Definition
Neurons communicate with one another (and end organs) through what?
Term
secretory vesicles
neurotransmitter
exocytosis
Definition
Pre-synaptic bouton have (BLANK) which contain (BLANK) which is released by (BLANK)
Term
Axosomatic
Definition
Synapse where Axon → soma is called?
Term
Axodendritic
Definition
Synapse where Axon → dendrite is called?
Term
Axoaxonic
Definition
Synapse where Axon → axon is called?
Term
Dendritic spikes
Definition
Small appendages on dendrites that are used to increase the surface area for synaptic communication are called?
Term
The soma is the center of cellular metabolism, and axons lack the necessary ribosomes to make their own proteins for maintenance?
Definition
Nearly all of the protein for cell maintenance must be transported from the soma down to the axons. Why?
Term
Retrograde
Fast
200-300 mm per day
Definition
Materials from the environment must be transported to the soma. Boutons to soma transport is called what? What speed is it? How many mm per day?
Term
Antegrade
Slow
Fast (50-500 mm per day)
Definition
Transport from soma to boutons is called what? Matrix proteins and sub-cellular organelles are what speed? Secretory proteins are what speed?
Term
astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and microglia
Definition
What are the three support cells of the neuron?
Term
astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
Definition
What are the most numerous support cells of the neuron?
Term
Protoplasmic
Fibrous
Definition
What are the two types of astrocytes?
Term
Gray Matter, Thicker numerous projections
White Matter, Polygonal cell body with few long processes
Definition
Where are protoplasmic astrocytes found and what makes them different?
Where are fibrous astrocytes found and what makes them different?
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
What fills virtually the entire extra-neuronal space in the CNS?
Term
Glial limiting membrane (Very important for the blood-brain barrier)
Definition
Astrocytes form a layer several micrometers thick between the pia mater and neural element, this is called?
Term
Astrocytes
Reactive Astrocyte
Definition
What cell Separates neurons.
Act as a reservoir for potassium.
During CNS injury participate in the phagocytosis of cellular debris.
Help remove excess chemical transmitter.
Forms a glial scar that prevents the reestablishment of neural connections (ie. spinal cord injury). (What specific type of this cell does this?)
Communicate with each other by gap junctions
Serves to produce lactate an emergency fuel for an active neuron
Term
Microglial
Definition
What are the Principal antigen – presenting cell in the CNS?
Term
Myelin
Definition
Dense laminated structure consisting of lipid and membrane proteins
Term
nodes of Ranvier
Definition
Myelin sheath is produced in segments being separated by what?
Term
Schwann cells (PNS)
Definition
Peripheral myelin is produced by what?
Term
Schwann cells
Definition
What secretes ECM proteins? (Important in nerve regeneration)
Term
Ependymal cells
Definition
These cells also act as sentries between the Cerbrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central canal or ventricles and the tissue of the brain
Term
Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium
Definition
What are the three Intraneural Connective Tissues?
Term
Epineurium
Definition
Intraneural connective tissue that is the
Outmost layer
Loose connective tissue
Cushions the nerve during movement
Protect fascicles
Contain blood vessels
Term
Perineurium
Definition
Intraneural connective tissue that is the
Lamellar sheath
Great mechanical strength
Acts as a barrier function (ionic environment)
Term
Endoneurium
Definition
Intraneural connective tissue that is the
Consist of fibroblast and collagen
Slight elevate pressure when compared to surrounding tissue
Pressure may increase during trauma which in turn may affect the microcirculation.
Term
20%
30%
Definition
Elongation limit of a nerve is?
Complete destruction is?
Term
The actual nerve fibers rupture first
Definition
What ruptures first under a tensile force, the actual nerve fibers, or the epineurum?
Supporting users have an ad free experience!