Term
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Definition
-First time in history everyone is geared towards victory: civilians, govt, military
-Forms of combat are secretive: poison gas;new weapons airplanes tanks machine gun submarines=industrialized weaponry
Civilian contribution;global war |
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Term
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Definition
-Product of an era to compete for access for colonies, competitors
-Brings an end to the imperial era
-Large cause is Balkan Nationalism, balkan states part of ott emp want independence
-Minority ethnic groups want to be a nation |
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Term
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Definition
-Starts as a Bread riot in march 1917
-people are suffering because Russ. has employed every resource available to fight in WWI
-Start raids in st.petersburg, overtake wealthy/govt houses/buildings, police do nothing to stop rioters
-Take Czars family hostage, force him to relinquish power |
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Term
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Definition
-Last Czar
-Doesnt know much about running the state
-limits rights, oppressive govt and secret police
-Exploitation of poor, Limited rights |
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Term
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Definition
| -Established city council by Russian Provision to run things |
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Term
| Russian Provisional Government |
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Definition
-Thrown together after the over throw of Czar Nic. II, want to form democracy, spontaneously chosen
-Will form a congress, but planned a few months down the road
-Moderates, not radical, not communists, return russ. slowly into democracy, dont advocate class change
-Does not leave Germ., Do not redistribute land, Believe in incremental change |
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Term
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Definition
-Not the most popular party out of the communist parties, militant and secretive
-Led by Vladimir Lenin, Promises peace, bread, and land
:Promises the people what they want
-Lenin realizes his government will not win, takes over |
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Term
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Definition
-Leader of the Bolshevik party, born into a pilgrim/govt family
-Exiled from russia to abroad, learns about marxism and is convinced its what russia needs |
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Term
| October Revolution (Russia) |
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Definition
-Bloodless Revolution, holds election, Bolsh. dont honor results, abolish results
-Bolsh Rev:Peace with Germ. pulls russ out of WWI, gives germ alot of land, becomes eastern territories/republics b/c germ loses war
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Term
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Definition
-Established peace with Germany to pull Russ out of WWI, gives germany alot of land
Land eventually is given back to russia b/c germany loses war |
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Term
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1922 |
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Definition
-Gives all the soviets state status, join together
-Russ. was head and most powerful, all other states represent a different ethnic group desiring independence
->Over course of decades are added to USSR
-political and social emphasis on being russian, moscow is new capitol |
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Term
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Definition
-Champion Figure of India, non violent revolutionizer, Middle class, mother is role model, marries young, 17 goes to law school but not good at being a lawyer
-Goes to south africa to have his eyes opened to the way the british treat africans/indians
In india calles people to mass civil disobedience, spin your own yarn, make your own clothes, burn western apparel- starts a national strike and unifies indians |
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Term
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Definition
-Mao knows the Great leap forward fostered discontent among people, blames failure on conservatists, need to purge china of all old ways
-Mao argued that dynasties failed them, now to compete with the west we have to strengthen through communism
-Empowers young to challenge elders, authority, parents
-Later society ends up with no sense of identity
-Mao hopes to entrench communism into govt/nation, doesnt succeed like he hoped, demolishing age old traditions takes alot of time |
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Term
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Definition
1958, Rapid jumpstart using peasant workforce without becoming urban<-unheard of
-Promise of a better future, peoples communes(family life is abolished)make steel, overtake england, compete with america
-Produce grain, quota is so high people have nothing to eat, compared to the soviet union we see none of the good effects of communism |
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Term
| People’s Republic of China |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Japanese occupy china, easily take over capitol, eventually leave when they are defeated by the allies, communists are the only ones fighting the japanese
-Nationalist army runs, want to preserve strength
-Mao is the only one fighting the Japanese, Uses guerilla tactics, try to get peasants out of combat zone, creates resentment towards nationalists |
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Term
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Definition
1934-Mao Zedong retreats to the mountains of northern china, nationalist army follows them and picks them off as they go
-Mao wants to protect the small amount of strength he has left, reemerge after WWII to take over govt when Japan invades |
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Term
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Definition
-Campaigns for political power in Democracy but hes a communist, resigns, grows up in peasant family where govt there is no govt support, joins the early revolution, drums up support for communism from community
-Military-Starts to build up militant forces, comes to conflict with democratic govt/nationalists, has numbers but not enough to win, decides to leave regain strength, refocus, leave SE china |
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Term
Sun Yat Sen
Father of Modernism/Modern China |
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Definition
| -Born to a peasant family, but not all that poor, Exposed to rev at a young age(men that fought in the Taiping tell him stories), Goes to hawaii to college, attends a christian school, converts, obsessed with the US, believes what US democracy is what China needs |
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Term
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Definition
Spends most of his young life trying to build revolution, writes letters to the govt eventually causing him to go into exile for 15 years, ask for money, writes rev pamphlets, sends money back
-1911 rev happens w/o him there, cant be envisioned as a leader, runs in election doesnt get elected to president
Sun wants a socialist democracy govt
China wants a country with alot of military force |
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Term
| Guomindang Nationalist Party |
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Definition
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Term
New Economic Policy
Part one |
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Definition
-Running a true communist govt, lenin realizes russ. is not ready for comm.
Problems? No private property but people only want land, cant take it away, slowly transition russ into comm. |
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Term
New Economic Policy
Part Two |
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Definition
-Allow for privatization of land/business
-doesnt make everything Govt owned
-Starts slenderizing the gap of financial states, start educating, cultural campaign for comm. before it becomes law |
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Term
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Definition
-Late 20s emerges as leader, leads diff. from lenin, from a peasant, unwealthy family, could care less about communist philosophy wants POWER.
-Wants dictatorship, ruthless, scratches all of lenins plans, paranoid
-Drags the SU to communism by sheer force |
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Term
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Definition
-Immediately launched by stalin, more brutal of policies, maximize agr. output, feed a massive population/move workers in the cities[stalin wants massive industrialization]
-Needs food to be cheap, cant have farmers making alot of money, take over farm, huge collectively owned farms
-put families into communes, manager to farm, buy food for dirt cheap, forces to work like they have for generations
-faces some peasant resistance, tranforms into human workers |
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Term
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Definition
Increases agr. production through use of machines, ships people off to cities, not enough food is given for people to eat on farms, first years people starve to death, stalin wanted to reduce population(mostly ethnic)
-Largely successful/resist=shot |
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Term
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Definition
-Focus on development and industrialization, first year 32-90's, uses a specific area of development
-Roads, schools, housing , powerplants, heavy metal, eacho one would have a goal, start to implement to get up to speed with west
-Always a specific focus, widely successful, rapid pace/industrialization, all govt owned payed for, everyone is the same
-successful transition to a communist govt/country |
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Term
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Definition
-Russ. needs workers to do job that no one wanted to do/free labor
-find convicts to dig in mines
-falsely accuse people of crimes
-Build the economy the best, cheapest way possible,lifelong sentences, die in camps, huge percentage of development |
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Term
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Definition
1937-Execute bolshevik party, holds hearing of rigged jury by the 100's
-1000's of political leaders, makes it hard to fight WWII= no generals |
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Term
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Definition
-Takes almost 1 yr to complete, only let nations tht win attend, less likely to be successful
-Excludes russia, toss up, refuse attendance, unilatterally makes decisions
-punishment lands on germany to repay all the costs of war |
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Term
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Definition
-Meant to be a body to prevent future war, workout problems w/o war, no fighting
-From get go they do not let losers in, US never joins, takes out most powerful nations
-Dont assign a military branch to enforce decisions, no Eur nation wants to give up troops/resources
-Eventually Spawns the UN |
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Term
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Definition
-Germany has to repay for the war, sums of money to be payed back to the nations, everyone owes the US money
-Major factor of why nations cannot rebuild, any growth leaves germany to payback debt, western eur hurts itself when they hurt germ.
-no money to rebuild, stays completely destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
-Based on speculation, buying on credit, overproduction, hits everywhere in the world besides russia
-Goes back to manufacturing cycle, cycle of unemployment, more accute in eur., lasts for a decade, no nations come to a solution
-Inflation:money is worthless, very little to do for depression, product of capitalist free market |
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Term
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Definition
-some welfare programs after the great depression, respond in limited way: req expansion of the govt, fear that expansion would sound like communism
-Fear of socialism, but communism gains support |
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Term
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Definition
-Germ. Democracy holds elections after WWI, not ready for Dem.<-notoriously slow for decisions, accept treaty on behalf of the people
-Public hates the govt, public parties start to develop, fascism/nazi party HITLER IS ELECTED TO OFFICE |
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Term
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Definition
Election through democratic system, gains support, people embrace hitler to restore germany
-Everyone in EUR is still recovering to stop hitler, knows europe is broke and cannot do anything to stop him
-Argues military expansion is the only way to recover, rapid expansion and scraping new territories dry to resources, challenges people to go to war with him |
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Term
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Definition
Opposite of Communism
-support of the state rather than the people, domination of the economy, state=more powerful than people
-Extreme emphasis on homogenous-no diversity,extreme
-Far right, nationalism effort to make everyone the same, (work,dress,be the same for the state)
You are second to society, incredibly militant |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitlers encroaching nature and militant emphasis, invades france |
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Term
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Definition
Balkan Nationalism is a large cause, balkan states part of ott empire- want independence, ethnic groups want to be a nation, acute tension in the balkans
-product of an era to compete for access of colonies, product of competition
-Alliance systems drag nations into war
-Germ and GB as largest threats, escalate, view war as exciting and adventurous
-All goes down with assassination of arch duke ferdinand happens in serbia, nations are drug into war |
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Term
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Definition
-European economy is able to produce and invent weapons at a fast rate, eur stock piling weapons, may be cheaper to go to war rather than letting munitions get outdated
-New weapons: airplanes, tanks, machine guns, sub marines |
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Term
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Definition
Politics before economy, Lenin modifies communism to make it applicable to russia.
-Lenin recognized there is no large proletariat, no one to revolutionize, proletariat needs to be organized/militant
Communism first then socialism for lenin |
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Term
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Definition
More devastating that WWI, europe is less suprised by war and in for the long haul
-Fascist movements=germ,italy,japan
-Allies=everyone else, less able to defend themselves
-Total war- fights in the same way as WWI germ knocks france out first thing |
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Term
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Definition
-Launches massive attacks and destroys southern brit, invades russia and gets to moscow before russ starts to defend
-US takes 6 months to stop fascism, 2 years to defeat, hitler and japan assume defeat |
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Term
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Definition
| precedent of genocide, discrimination of peoples(ethnic groups), 60% are jewish |
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Term
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Definition
| US acquires and use a weapon of mass destruction, sets context for the cold war |
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Term
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Definition
-US and USSR competing with each other during the cold war, vietnam, culture, dominance of the 20th cent
-Led by the US, western eur doesnt compete, western diplomacy is dominated by the cold war, US bullies europe to conform to wishes in affairs |
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Term
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Definition
-Soviet Union emerges a powerhouse after WWII, overshadows western development/politics, Communism is viewed as best economy of fit
-US works to fight off comm in some nations, capitilist pro us dictatorships |
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Term
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Definition
Founded and supplied by US
Turning point for US
Warsaw pact is Russian version of NATO |
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Term
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Definition
-Economies gain their independence across the globe, end of direct control in the west, no western conflicts against each other since WWII
-Suffer changes west has to shift economies, suffer from lack of resources and economies to sell too
-Strengthen economies through the EU |
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Term
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Definition
-Eur free trade, allows for work within other countries(come in and out), allow free flow of workers, property ownership, goods, meant to be an economic organization
-Everyones interest to promote each others economy, Intl political implications
Nations that are interconnected will have a harder time going to war with each other |
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Term
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Definition
West still has cultural control over colonies they lost to independence,promote a western mindset/attitude/culture around the world
-Promote western economic power, colonies struggle t maintain cultural identity |
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Term
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Definition
Meant to support middle class/those who want to be in middle class
Characteristic of the west, all western govts developed into
-provides a plethora of services to constituents |
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Term
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Definition
-Takes a long time to articulate communist outview, changes principles over a decade, Mao scraps marxism
-Alot of peasants, modify philosophy, idolizes the peasant farmer
-hard work creativity, life givers, values are wrapped into chinese communism, get up to par with west
-Has no industry or factory workers to launch revolution, less of a political rev more social, rev of masses, everyone has to take part of the revolution
-Peasant masses have to lead rev w/ govt help, mao vies comm as an ongoing struggle, stamp out tradition, class struggle will go on forever |
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Term
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Definition
-Govt is extremely oppressive, sponsors free public education, Gender equitable, no social distinction, gender rules everyone is equal
-Totalitarian society, everything is distributed, forced housing, everyone is required to work
-welfare services, poor russians have lifestyle drastically improved, many basic necessities and consumer goods are not provided for |
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Term
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Definition
| Strongest in the 30s-40s b/c doesnt experience great depression, huge development from gulag economy |
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Term
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Definition
| -Eventually starts when north vietnam invades south vietnam, US unleashes mass destruction with bombing raids of laos and cambodia, unpopular war with the US, regions after the war are incapacitated to grow, abandoned to put it all back together |
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